Ch. 3 The Chemical Basis of Life II: Organic Molecules

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8 Terms

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Organic Chemistry

The branch of chemistry that focuses on the study of carbon-containing compounds, especially those that are part of living organisms.

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Functional Group

A specific group of atoms within a molecule responsible for the molecule’s characteristic chemical reactions.

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Isomer

Compounds that have the same molecular formula but different structural arrangements of atoms.

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Biological Molecules

Large molecules found in living organisms, composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen, essential for life processes.

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Polymer

A large molecule made up of repeating subunits (monomers) bonded together.

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Monomer

A small molecule that can combine with other monomers to form a polymer.

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Dehydration Synthesis

A chemical reaction where two molecules are covalently bonded together, with the removal of a water molecule.

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Hydrolysis

A chemical reaction where a water molecule is added to break the covalent bond between two monomers in a polymer.