psych 101 exam 4

Triplett

social facilitation through fishing, most better together

Zajonc

social facilitation, arousal, dominant responses increased by others presence

Sherif

autokinetic effect, ambiguity

Asch

conformity, confederates

Milgram

obedience, deception

3Ds

deviant, distressful, dysfunctional

deviant

is it rare/outlier

distressful

does it cause suffering

dysfunctional

does it interfere with functioning

psychiatrist

follow medical model DSM5, medical degree, prescribe meds

psychologist

therapy/counseling

delusions

false beliefs

hallucinations

false sensory experiences

diathesis is…

what vulnerabilities can predispose an individual to certain mental health conditions

CBT

cognitive behavioral treatments

types of psychopathology

psychoanalysis, client centered, cognitive, behavior

psychoanalysis (Freud)

insight treatment, unconscious conflicts, free association, dream analysis, analysis of transference

client centered therapy (Rogers)

humanistic, client and therapist works together

cognitive therapy (Beck)

3Cs, combined with behavioral interventions (CBT)

3Cs

catch it, check it, change it

arbitrary inference

unsupported conclusions

selective abstraction

assuming, details out of context

overgeneralizing

something may occur because it happened before

magnification/minimization

something is more extreme than it is

dichotomous thinking

viewing experiences extremely

personalizing

taking things too personally

behavior therapy (Wolpe)

exposure, breaks CS and CR association, systematic desensitization

positive symptoms of schizo.

excess/distortion of normal functions

negative symptoms of schizo.

behavioral deficits

substance dependence symptoms

tolerance/withdrawl = physio. symptoms

psychological disorder

behavioral, cognitive, emotional symptoms that interfere with life

abnormal

atypical behavior, extended duration

comorbidity

2+ disorders at same time

medical model (DSM5) for psych disorders

biological standpoint, genes, neurochemical imbalances, brain processes

psychological factors for psych disorders

learning, childhood, personality, trauma, cognition

environment factors for psych disorders

social, race, community, socioeconomic status

biopsychosocial factors for psych disorders

nurture nature combined

generalized anxiety disorder

excessive worry about everything, physio symptoms

OCD

obsessions and compulsions meant to decrease distress, time consuming, negative reinforcement, less serotonin

obsession

thought/urge/image occuring repeatedly causing distress

PTSD

exposed to traumautic event, spontaneous memories/dreams, flashbacks, physical reactions, extreme distress

major depressive disorder

decreased pleasure, moody, loss/gain of weight or sleep, common, increased suicide rates

biological symptoms of major depressive disorder

increased cortisol, abnormal hypothalamus activity (HPA)

psychological factors of major depressive disorder

learned helplessness, negative thinking

bipolar disorder

manic episodes, 2 types, cycle of low and high energy, uncommon

mania

continuous elation out of proportion for setting, high irritability/sustained energy

dipolar 2 disorder

1 major depressive episode + 1 hypomanic episode impairing function ability

bipolar 1 disorder

1 major depressive episode

schizophrenia

delusions, hallucinations, psychosis, positive and negative symptoms, uncommon, high risk of suicide

psychosis

loss of contact with reality; delusions, hallucinations

factors for schizophrenia

highly heritable, diathesis stress model (environment, explains MZ twins), smaller brain volume, increased dopamine, exposure in utero to HPV increases chances of developing later in life

ASD (autism spectrum disorder)

more common in guys, deficits in social communication, begins in childhood, heritable, risk increases from mutagens during pregnancy

number of personality disorders from DSM5?

10

antisocial personality disorder

seeks personal gratification no matter what, careless, common in men, nurture/nature develops this

borderline personality disorder

common in women, childhood trauma can trigger, emotional instability

dissociative disorders caused by

trauma, childhood abuse/neglect

dissociation

disturbance in normal experience of psych functions (memory, perception, consciousness, identity)

dissociative amnesia

fail to remember personal info, dissociative fugue (wandering in confusion/disorganization)

dissociative identity disorder (multiple personality)

2+ personalities in same person, gaps in memory

anorexia nervosa

high death rate, self imposed restrictions on eating to maintain weight, fear of gaining weight, amenorrhea (stop getting periods)

bullimia nervosa

episodes of binge eating and then purging, can lead to disease/malnutrition problems

binge eating disorder

episodes of excessive eating (NO purging)

social psych

study of human cognition, emotion, behavior in relation to others

sociology vs social psych

focuses on groups themselves vs focuses on relationships between individuals/groups

confederates

actors playing a role, secretly work for researchers

social cognition

way one thinks about others and uses this info consciously/unconsciously

attributions

answers explaining human behavior/characteristics/situations

observer

person making attribution

actor

person exhibiting behavior

3 dimensions of attributions

control/uncontrol, stable/unstable, internal/external

fundamental attribution error

overestimating cause of event from person’s character/underestimate involvement of situational factors

dispositional attribution

behaviors assumed to result from traits/personality, we assume more often

situational attribution

behaviors assumed to result from situation

just world hypothesis

if people are suffering, they must have done something to deserve it

fatal consensus effect

overestimating degree others think/act like us

self serving bias

attributing successes to character, failures to environment

attitudes

stable thoughts, feelings responses to people/situations/ideas/things

social psych is about

attributes and attitudes

cognitive aspect of attitudes

beliefs/ideas

behavioral aspect of attitudes

feelings/beliefs (way we respond)

affective aspect of attitudes

mood/emotion

we can develop attitudes through

classical conditioning/observational learning, genetics

cognitive dissonance

tension felt when behavior doesn’t match attitude

self fulfilling prophecy

behavior expected occurs because expecter expected it

3 factors of persuasion (Hovland)

source, message, audience

source factor of persuasion must be

credible

message factor of persuasion must be

logical

audience factor of persuasion must be

susceptible to message content

elaboration liklihood model

people persuaded differently by central or peripheral routes

central route of elaboration

critically thinking about message

peripheral route of elaboration

looks at credibility of source

compliance

voluntarily change behavior at request of others

foot in door technique

small then large request

door in face technique

unreasonable large request then small request

reciprocal concessions

if solicitor is willing to give up something, other person feels like they must satisfy smaller request

how do we determine the cause of other people’s behavior?

distinctiveness, consistency, concensus

conformity

modification of behaviors, attitudes, beliefs, opinions, to match others

3 reasons for conformity

normative + informational social influence, reference group

normative social influence

we want approval of others

informational social influence

we follow others to be correct