Respiratory System 2

+True or False: The respiratory system is specialized for gas exchange.

True

+Identification: What are the two main functional divisions of the respiratory system?

Conducting Portion and Respiratory Portion

+Identification: What structures are included in the conducting portion?

Nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles

+Identification: What is the function of the conducting portion?

Air passage, filtration, humidification, temperature regulation

+Identification: What structures are included in the respiratory portion?

Respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs, alveoli

+Identification: What is the function of the respiratory portion?

Site of gas exchange

+True or False: The respiratory tract contains only epithelial tissue.

False

+Identification: What type of epithelium lines the trachea and primary bronchi?

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium with goblet cells

+Identification: What is the function of goblet cells in the respiratory system?

Mucus production and clearance via cilia

+Identification: What epithelium lines the oropharynx and larynx (vocal cords)?

Stratified squamous non-keratinized epithelium

+Identification: What is the function of stratified squamous epithelium in the respiratory system?

Protection against abrasion

+Identification: What type of epithelium is found in terminal and respiratory bronchioles?

Simple cuboidal epithelium

+Identification: What is the function of simple cuboidal epithelium in the respiratory system?

Air conduction and limited secretion

+Identification: What epithelium lines the alveoli?

Simple squamous epithelium

+Fill in the blanks: The lamina propria is rich in fibers and immune cells.

elastic

+Identification: What muscle is prominent especially in the bronchioles?

Smooth muscle

+Identification: What supports the trachea structurally?

C-shaped cartilage rings

+True or False: The conducting portion of the respiratory system includes the alveoli.

False

+Identification: What portion of the respiratory system is responsible for conducting, humidifying, and filtering air?

Conducting Portion

+Identification: A cartilaginous structure that divides the nasal cavity into 2 portions?

nasal septum

+Fill in the blanks: Type I pneumocytes are ____ squamous cells.

simple

+Identification: What type of alveolar cells are responsible for gas exchange?

Type I Pneumocytes

+Identification: What type of alveolar cells secrete pulmonary surfactant and reduce surface tension?

Type II Pneumocytes

+True or False: Type II pneumocytes are squamous in shape.

False

+Identification: What alveolar cells are responsible for phagocytosis of particles and debris?

Alveolar Macrophages (Dust cells)

+Identification: Another name for alveolar macrophages is ___ cells.

Dust

+True or False: The external nares are also called the nose.

True

+Fill in the blanks: The nose houses the ____ organs.

olfactory

+Identification: What structure divides the nasal cavity into two parts?

Nasal septum

+Identification: What structures warm the air inside the nasal cavity?

Paranasal sinuses

+True or False: The cilia in the nose defend against foreign pathogens.

True

+Identification: What are the folds in the nasal mucous membrane called?

Nasal conchae/Nasal turbinates

+Fill in the blanks: The internal nares open to the ____.

exterior

+Identification: What general function of the nose involves the resonating chamber for speech?

Sound production

+True or False: The pharynx serves only as a passageway for air.

False

+Identification: What common term is used for the pharynx?

Throat

+Fill in the blanks: The pharynx walls are lined by a ____ and contain skeletal muscles for swallowing.

mucosa

+Identification: What prevents the entry of food particles into the windpipe?

Swallowing reflex

+Identification: What tonsils are located in the nasopharynx?

Pharyngeal tonsils (adenoids)

+Identification: What tonsils are located in the oropharynx?

Palatine tonsils

+Identification: What section of the pharynx divides into the esophagus and larynx?

Laryngopharynx

+True or False: The larynx is also called the voice box.

True

+Identification: What structure projects from the rim of the larynx to prevent food from entering the airway?

Epiglottis

+Fill in the blanks: The larynx is a cylindrical airway between the ____ and the trachea.

pharynx

+True or False: The trachea is reinforced by plate cartilage rings.

False

+Identification: What muscle bridges the ends of the cartilage rings in the trachea?

Trachealis muscle

+Fill in the blanks: At the level of the sternal angle, the trachea splits into two ____.

bronchi

+Identification: What forms the tracheobronchial tree along with the trachea?

Bronchi

+True or False: Terminal bronchioles contain alveoli.

False

+Identification: What type of cells line the terminal bronchioles?

Club cells

+Fill in the blanks: Bronchioles eventually branch into small air sacs called _____.

alveoli

+Identification: What structure facilitates oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange?

Alveoli

+True or False: The lungs are located medial to the heart.

False

+Identification: What structure separates the lungs from each other?

Mediastinum

+Fill in the blanks: The lung facilitates gas exchange between blood and .

air

+Identification: How many lobes does the left lung have?

2

+Identification: What indentation on the left lung accommodates the heart?

Cardiac notch

+True or False: The right lung is smaller than the left lung.

False

+Identification: How many lobes does the right lung have?

3

+Fill in the blanks: The right lung is located ____ more in the body because of the liver.

superiorly

+Identification: What serous membrane lines the lungs internally?

Pleura

+Identification: What specific pleura covers the lung surface tightly?

Visceral pleura

+Identification: What specific pleura lines the inner walls of the lungs?

Parietal pleura

+True or False: Pleural cavities are completely empty spaces.

False

+Fill in the blanks: Pleural cavities are lined with ___ cells.

mesothelial

+Identification: What fluid reduces friction during breathing within the pleural cavities?

Serous fluid

+Identification: What condition refers to the accumulation of fluid in the pleural cavity?

Pleural effusion

+Identification: What type of epithelium lines the vestibules of the nasal cavities?

Stratified squamous (keratinized to nonkeratinized)

+Identification: What glands are found in the vestibules of the nasal cavities?

Sebaceous and sweat glands

+Identification: What epithelium type lines most areas of the nasal cavities?

Respiratory epithelium

+Identification: What type of glands are found in most areas of the nasal cavities?

Seromucous glands

+Fill in the blanks: The superior areas of nasal cavities have ____ epithelium with bipolar neurons.

olfactory

+Identification: What glands are associated with the olfactory region of the nasal cavity?

Serous (Bowman) glands

+True or False: The nasopharynx and posterior oropharynx are lined only by respiratory epithelium.

False

+Identification: What glands are present in the nasopharynx and posterior oropharynx?

Seromucous glands

+Identification: What two types of epithelium are found in the larynx?

Respiratory and stratified squamous epithelium

+Identification: What glands are found in the larynx?

Mucous glands and smaller seromucous glands

+Identification: What type of epithelium lines the trachea?

Respiratory epithelium

+Fill in the blanks: The glands of the trachea are mainly glands, with some serous or mixed glands.

mucous

+Identification: What type of epithelium lines the bronchi?

Respiratory epithelium

+Identification: What type of cartilage supports the bronchi?

Irregular hyaline cartilage plates

+Fill in the blanks: The bronchi have prominent bands of smooth muscle.

spiral

+True or False: Bronchioles have cartilage for structural support.

False

+Identification: What type of epithelium is found in the bronchioles?

Simple ciliated cuboidal to columnar epithelium with club cells

+Identification: What supports the bronchioles structurally?

Prominent circular layer of smooth muscle

+Identification: What epithelium lines the terminal bronchioles?

Simple cuboidal epithelium with ciliated cells and club cells

+Fill in the blanks: Terminal bronchioles have a thin, circular layer of smooth muscle.

incomplete

+Identification: What type of epithelium lines the respiratory bronchioles?

Simple cuboidal epithelium with ciliated cells, club cells, and scattered alveoli

+True or False: Respiratory bronchioles have prominent smooth muscle throughout.

False

+Fill in the blanks: Smooth muscle fibers in respiratory bronchioles are mostly located around openings.

alveolar

+Identification: What type of epithelium lines alveolar ducts and sacs?

Simple cuboidal between alveoli

+Identification: What supports alveolar ducts and sacs structurally?

Bands of smooth muscle around alveolar openings

+Identification: What types of cells line the alveoli?

Type I and Type II pneumocytes

+True or False: Alveoli are supported by cartilage plates.

False

+Fill in the blanks: The alveoli are supported by a network of and fibers.

elastic-reticular