SIADH and Diabetes Insipidus Flashcards

Flashcards based on lecture notes about SIADH and Diabetes Insipidus.

Hormonal Regulation Changes

Altered hormonal and metabolic regulations.

SIADH

Excessive release of Antidiuretic Hormone.

SIADH Effect

Water and sodium retention.

Hyponatremia in SIADH

Increased water retention without an increase in Na+; dilutes blood.

SIADH Electrolyte Imbalance

Increase in water, decrease in sodium.

SIADH Urine

Urine that is highly concentrated.

Euvolemia in SIADH

Increase in fluid volume.

SIADH Cause

Excessive ADH secretion.

SIADH Osmolality

Low serum osmolality associated with hyponatremia.

SIADH Hypervolemia

Hypervolemia is often transient due to natriuretic mechanisms.

Aquaporins

Water channels influenced by ADH.

ADH Influence

Caused by reabsorption of water.

SIADH Causes

CNS disorders, tumors (SCLC), drugs, surgery, infections, inherited forms.

Drugs Causing SIADH

Analgesics, antiseizures, SSRIs, antipsychotics.

Infections Causing SIADH

Tuberculosis, pneumonia, HIV.

SIADH Symptoms

Asymptomatic, nausea/vomiting, obtundation, headaches, seizure, respiratory arrest, coma.

Hyponatremia Effects

Water causes brain swelling and neuron dysfunction.

SIADH Treatment

ADH antagonist, treat cause, limit fluids.

Normal Urine Osmolality

Normal: 500 mOsm/kg.

Normal Urine Specific Gravity

Normal: 1.005-1.030.

Normal Serum Osmolality

Normal: 280-300.

Normal Serum Na+

Normal: 135-145.

SIADH Meaning

Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone.

Diabetes Insipidus

A condition causing extreme thirst and excessive urination.

DI Kidney Function

The kidney is unable to conserve water.

DI Glucose

Does not cause high blood glucose levels.

DI Cause

Deficiency of ADH (Vasopressin).

DI Symptom

Extreme thirst.

DI Symptom

Frequent urination.

DI Symptom

Getting up several times at night to urinate or wet the bed.

DI Symptom

High output of very light-colored or clear urine each time you urinate.

Central DI Causes

Brain tumors, pituitary surgery, brain injuries.

Central DI Causes

Infection and inflammation (meningitis).

Central DI Causes

Autoimmune disorders.

Nephrogenic DI Causes

Medications (lithium).

Nephrogenic DI Causes

Kidney disease.

Nephrogenic DI Causes

Genetic disorders.

Gestational DI

Break down of vasopressin by the placenta during pregnancy, but usually resolves after delivery.

Dipsogenic DI

Problems with the hypothalamus; mental health conditions.

Dipsogenic DI Causes

Schizophrenia, other psychotic disorders.

Exclude Diabetes Mellitus

Urinalysis, capillary blood glucose.

Confirm True Polyuria

24h urine volume >3L.

Possible Diabetes Insipidus

Serum osmolality >295 mosmol/kg.

SIADH: Free Water Restriction

Restrict 1 to 1.5L per day.

Salt Tablets for SIADH

Start with 1g NaCl PO TID.

Urea Powder Dosage

15-30g PO daily.

Urea Powder Action

Induces osmotic water elimination.

Vasopressor antagonists

Blocks ADH receptor.

SIADH effect on fluid and sodium

↑ H2O, ↓ Na+.

Vasopressor antagonists

Blocks ADH receptor.

SIADH effect on fluid and sodium

↑ H2O, ↓ Na+.

Vasopressor antagonists

Blocks ADH receptor.

SIADH effect on fluid and sodium

↑ H2O, ↓ Na+.

Vasopressor antagonists

Blocks ADH receptor.

SIADH effect on fluid and sodium

↑ H2O, ↓ Na+.

Vasopressor antagonists

Blocks ADH receptor.

SIADH effect on fluid and sodium

↑ H2O, ↓ Na+.

Vasopressor antagonists

Blocks ADH receptor.

SIADH effect on fluid and sodium

↑ H2O, ↓ Na+.

Vasopressor antagonists

Blocks ADH receptor.

SIADH effect on fluid and sodium

↑ H2O, ↓ Na+.

Vasopressor antagonists

Blocks ADH receptor.

SIADH effect on fluid and sodium

↑ H2O, ↓ Na+.

Vasopressor antagonists

Blocks ADH receptor.

SIADH effect on fluid and sodium

↑ H2O, ↓ Na+.

Vasopressor antagonists

Blocks ADH receptor.

SIADH effect on fluid and sodium

↑ H2O, ↓ Na+.

Vasopressor antagonists

Blocks ADH receptor.

SIADH effect on fluid and sodium

↑ H2O, ↓ Na+.

Vasopressor antagonists

Blocks ADH receptor.

SIADH effect on fluid and sodium

↑ H2O, ↓ Na+.

Vasopressor antagonists

Blocks ADH receptor.

SIADH effect on fluid and sodium

↑ H2O, ↓ Na+.

Vasopressor antagonists

Blocks ADH receptor.

SIADH effect on fluid and sodium

↑ H2O, ↓ Na+.

Vasopressor antagonists

Blocks ADH receptor.

SIADH effect on fluid and sodium

↑ H2O, ↓ Na+.

Vasopressor antagonists

Blocks ADH receptor.

SIADH effect on fluid and sodium

↑ H2O, ↓ Na+.

Vasopressor antagonists

Blocks ADH receptor.

SIADH effect on fluid and sodium

↑ H2O, ↓ Na+.

Vasopressor antagonists

Blocks ADH receptor.

SIADH effect on fluid and sodium

↑ H2O, ↓ Na+.

Vasopressor antagonists

Blocks ADH receptor.

SIADH effect on fluid and sodium

↑ H2O, ↓ Na+.

Vasopressor antagonists

Blocks ADH receptor.

SIADH effect on fluid and sodium

↑ H2O, ↓ Na+.

Vasopressor antagonists

Blocks ADH receptor.

SIADH effect on fluid and sodium

↑ H2O, ↓ Na+.

Vasopressor antagonists

Blocks ADH receptor.

SIADH effect on fluid and sodium

↑ H2O, ↓ Na+.

Vasopressor antagonists

Blocks ADH receptor.

SIADH effect on fluid and sodium

↑ H2O, ↓ Na+.

Vasopressor antagonists

Blocks ADH receptor.

SIADH effect on fluid and sodium

↑ H2O, ↓ Na+.

Vasopressor antagonists

Blocks ADH receptor.

SIADH effect on fluid and sodium

↑ H2O, ↓ Na+.

Vasopressor antagonists

Blocks ADH receptor.

SIADH effect on fluid and sodium

↑ H2O, ↓ Na+.

Vasopressor antagonists

Blocks ADH receptor.