Nationalism and Political Identities in Asia, Africa, and Latin America

A series of 30 vocabulary flashcards based on key concepts from the lecture on nationalism and political identities in various regions.

Indian National Congress

Founded in 1885 to promote self-rule in India, initially supported by both Hindus and Muslims.

Ahimsa

A principle of nonviolence advocated by Mahatma Gandhi.

Satyagraha

Meaning "truth and firmness"; refers to Gandhi's method of passive resistance.

Non-Cooperation Movement

A campaign of nonviolent resistance led by Gandhi from 1920 to 1922 against British rule in India.

Amritsar Massacre

A tragic event in 1919 where British troops killed hundreds of unarmed Indian protesters.

Muhammad Ali Jinnah

Leader of the All-India Muslim League who argued for the partition of India and the creation of Pakistan.

May Fourth Movement

A 1919 protest by students and intellectuals in China against foreign interference, especially from Japan.

Guomindang

The Nationalist People’s Party founded by Sun Yatsen.

Long March

A strategic retreat by Chinese communists led by Mao Zedong in 1934 over 6,215 miles to evade Nationalist forces.

Mao Zedong

Founder of the Chinese Communist Party and key figure in the establishment of communist rule in China.

Jiang Jieshi

Also known as Chiang Kai-Shek; led the Nationalist government in China after Sun Yatsen.

Mukden Incident

A staged event in 1931 by the Japanese military to justify their invasion of Manchuria.

Manchukuo

The puppet state established by Japan in Manchuria after its invasion.

Imperialist Japan

Refers to Japan's aggressive expansion and militarism during the early 20th century.

Pan-Africanism

A movement promoting unity among African nations and people, often associated with leaders like Marcus Garvey.

Dollar diplomacy

A policy under President Taft aiming to extend U.S. influence through economic investment in Latin America.

The Good Neighbor Policy

A U.S. diplomatic policy under Roosevelt aimed at improving relations and avoiding military intervention in Latin America.

Lázaro Cárdenas

The Mexican president who nationalized the oil industry in 1938.

Fidel Castro

Cuban revolutionary leader who came to power after the Cuban Revolution of 1959.

César Sandino

Nicaraguan revolutionary leader who opposed U.S. intervention in Nicaragua.

Jomo Kenyatta

A key figure in Kenya's struggle for independence and later its first president.

Woodrow Wilson

U.S. President whose ideas inspired nationalist movements in colonial countries after World War I.

Lenin

Leader of the Bolshevik Revolution in Russia, whose ideas influenced communist movements worldwide.

Great War

World War I, which significantly altered colonial power structures and global politics.

Economic neocolonialism

The practice of using economic control to influence or control other nations, often seen in U.S. policies towards Latin America.

Chinese Communist Party

Political party founded in 1921 that led to the establishment of the People's Republic of China.

Political anarchy

The absence of political authority or order, often seen in early 20th-century China after the fall of the Qing Dynasty.

Muslim League

Political party formed in 1906 to advocate for the rights of Muslims in India.

Cultural Renaissance

A period of revival in cultural and intellectual pursuits, often linked with nationalist sentiments.

Nicaragua Civil War

Conflict in the 1920s involving U.S. support of Somoza against Sandino's opposition.

Mexican oil nationalization

The process by which the Mexican government took control over its oil industry in the late 1930s.

Economic divide

The disparity in economic power and resources between different groups, such as Hindus and Muslims in India.

Socialism's rise

The increasing popularity of socialist ideologies in various nations aiming for social and economic reforms.