Art 1 :(

Art History

Reconstruction of historical contexts of an artwork

Anthropology, History, sociology

The three disciplines that art history is closely related to

Aesthetics

The philosophical inquiry into the nature and expression of beauty

Art criticism

The explanation of current art events to the general public via the press

Paintings, prints, drawings, sculpture, architecture

Fine art examples (5)

Textiles, pottery, body art (tattoos)

Craft examples (3)

Michelangelo

Guy who painted the Sistine Chapel

The pope

Guy who commissioned the Sistine Chapel

Social status, education, physical access, religious background, race, gender

Factors influencing someone’s perception of work (6)

Formal analysis

Analysis of the visual qualities of art

Contextual analysis

Analysis of an artwork focusing on cultural, social, religious, and economic contexts in which the art was created and consumed

Where Plin

Pliny the Elder

Guy who wrote Natural History

Renaissance

The time period during which Giorgio Vasari was alive

Italy

The Lives of the Artists consisted of biographies of great artists from what country?

Stone, metal, fired clay

Enduring material examples (3)

Wood, fibers

Perishable materials examples (2)

West Africa

The humid climate of ________ means that objects of perishable materials have had little chance of survival over time

Southeastern France

What area of what country is Chauvet Cave?

1994

Year that Chauvet Cave paintings were discovered

30,000 BCE

Year that Chauvet Cave paintings date back to around

Upper Paleolithic Period

Other name for Old Stone Age

Old Stone Age

Other name for Upper Paleolithic Period

Red ochre, black charcoal

Two main colors/materials used used in Chauvet Cave paintings

Horses, rhinoceros, lions, buffalos, mammoths

Animals depicted in Chauvet Cave paintings (5)

France, Spain

Additional cave paintings (other than Chauvet Cave) have been discovered in what two countries?

Lascaux

What cave in France other than Chauvet has cave paintings?

Altamira

What mentioned cave in Spain has cave paintings?

Horses, bears, lions, bison, mammoths

The caves in France & Spain have large colored drawings of what animals? (5)

Red ochre, yellow ochre, black charcoal

Three colors/materials used in Lauscaux/Altamira cave paintings

Old Stone Age, c. 28,000 - 25,000 BCE

Period & year estimation during which the Venus of Willendorf was created

4 and 1/8 inches

How tall was the Venus of Willendorf

Bellies, breasts, pubic areas

What parts of Venus figures were exaggerated? (3)

Facial features, arms, feet

What parts of Venus figures were undefined or missing? (3)

Fertility figures

What is the presumed role of Venus figures?

Mesolithic Period

Other name for Middle Stone Age

Middle Stone Age

Other name for Mesolithic Period

Increased

What happened to temperatures during the middle stone age?

7000 BCE, 4000 BCE

Rock shelter paintings are estimated to have been created from around ______ to ______ (years)

1 in Lascaux, France

How many human figures were found in the cave paintings, and where?

Dominating animals (wat da sigma)

In rock shelter paintings, what are humans depicted doing?

Neolithic Period

Other name for New Stone Age

New Stone Age

Other name for Neolithic Period

Western Europe

The new stone age art is characterized by stone formations in what part of the world? (direction, continent)

4000 BCE

Stone formations have been dated as early as what year?

17 feet

How tall could megaliths be?

50 tons

How heavy could megaliths be?

Salisbury Plain, Wiltshire, England

Where is Stonehenge (be as specific as possible)

sarsen, bluestone

The two stone types used in Stonehenge

Post and lintel

What type of construction is used for the megaliths on the outermost ring of Stonehenge?

Bluestones

What type of rock is the middle ring of Stonehenge composed of?

Horseshoe

What shape is the innermost ring of Stonehenge?

5

How many lintel-topped sarsen stones make up the innermost ring of Stonehenge?

Inner

Which ring of Stonehenge has the biggest stones? (inner, middle, or outer)

Northeast

Towards what direction is the heel-stone in Stonehenge?

Midsummer solstice

The Stonehenge heel-stone marks the sunrise on what event/day?

2100 BCE

Stonehenge was built around what year?

Tigris, Euphrates

The two rivers between which the Mesopotamia civilizations arose

They formed in a valley

Why was Mesopotamia vulnerable to invasion?

Sumerians, Akkadians, Guti, Neo-Sumerians, Babylonians, Assyrians

Mesopotamian civilizations in order (separated by commas) (6)

4000 BCE

Estimated start date of Sumerian creation of sculptures and buildings

Sumerian

Which mesopotamian empire focused on religion?

Ziggurats

The name of the stepped pyramids created by Sumerians

2334 BCE

The year that the Akkadians came to power

2200 BCE

Around what year did the cities of Sumer reassert control over the Guti? (do the math)

City center ziggurats

The greatest works of the Neo-Sumerian era

Nasiriyah, Iraq

What city is the Great Ziggurat of Ur near? (caption question, pg 11)

4100 years

How many years old is the Great Ziggurat of Ur? (caption question, pg 11)

Temples, administrative centers, economic centers

What were the functions of the city center ziggurats in Neo-Sumer? (3; 1 primary function + 2 additional functions)

1792 BCE

What year did Babylonia come to power

Hammurabi

King of Babylonia

Hammurabi of Babylonia

Guy that centralized power in mesopotamia

Hammurabi

Guy who codified Babylonian law

Code of Hammurabi

Oldest legal code known in its entirety

Louvre Museum

Where is the stone stele with Hammurabi’s code preserved?

The sun-god, or Shamash

Who did Hammurabi receive inspiration for his code of law from?

North

In what cardinal direction did the Assyrians dominate in relation to the other mesopotamian cultures?

900 BCE, 600 BCE

Between what two years were the Assyrians the most powerful civilization in the Near East?

Relief carvings

What types of art are the most notable Assyrian artworks?

Battles, sieges, hunts

Assyrian relief carvings depicted what types of events? (3)

7th century BCE

Throughout which century did the Assyrian hold on power weaken?

c. 612 BCE, 538 BCE

Between what two years did Babylonia once again become the dominant foce in the region?

612 BCE, 538 BCE

Between what two years of the Neo-Babylonians were the famous hanging gardens of Babylon constructed?

Ishtar Gate

Name of the gateway to the great Ziggurat of the temple of Bel

Neo-Babylonian

What civilization was in power when the Ishtar Gate was created?

Figures are superimposed on a walled surface

The Ishtar Gate is considered one of the greatest works of architecture in which _______________

538 BCE, 330 BCE

Two years between which the Persian Empire flourished

Iran

Present-day country in which the Persian Empire flourished

Architecture

The type of art that the Persians notable for

Palace at Persepolis

The most important work the Persians created

Stone, brick, wood

The materials that the palace at Persepolis was made out of (3)

Egyptian architecture

What type of influence was reflected in the Persian-created palace at Persepolis?

3000 BCE, 332 BCE

Years that the Ancient Egyptian civilization is generally dated between

332 BCE

Year that Egypt was conquered by Alexander the Great

Alexander the Great

Guy who conquered Ancient Egypt

The Sphinx, great pyramids at Giza, larger-than-life statues of pharaohs, Queen Nefertiti portrait head

Recognizable works of ancient Egypt (4)

Hierarchical scale

The scale/style emphasized by much Egyptian art

The status of the figure/object

What determines relative size within an artwork using hierarchical scale?

Palette of King Narmer

Artwork from the Old Egyptian Kingdom that exemplifies hierarchical scale

Ceremonial palette for mixing cosmetics

Presumed purpose of the Palette of King Narmer