glucose sensing module

What is diabetes?

A disease where the body cannot properly regulate blood glucose levels, usually due to problems with insulin production or response.

Why is it important to monitor glucose levels in the blood?

To prevent dangerously high (hyperglycemia) or low (hypoglycemia) blood sugar, which can cause long-term organ damage or immediate health emergencies.

How does an enzyme affect the rate of a chemical reaction?

Enzymes speed up chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy needed

How does an enzyme affect the activation energy in a chemical reaction?

Enzymes lower the activation energy, making the reaction occur faster.

What are 2 key features of enzymes and their behavior?

• Specificity – Each enzyme works with a specific substrate.

• Reusability – Enzymes are not consumed during a reaction; they can be used repeatedly.

Which subatomic particle is exchanged in a redox reaction?

electrons

what is oxidation?

The loss of electrons by a substance.

What is reduction?

The gain of electrons by a substance.

How can you determine if a chemical is being oxidized or reduced?

• If it loses electrons → it is oxidized.

• If it gains electrons → it is reduced

What is a calibration curve?

A graph showing how a measured value (like absorbance) relates to known concentrations.

How is a calibration curve used to determine an unknown concentration

Measure the unknown sample’s value (e.g., absorbance), then use the curve to find its matching concentration.

What happens to enzymes at really high temperatures?

They denature—their shape changes and they stop working.

What is the optimal temperature for enzymes that work in the human body?

Around 40°C (99°F).

Why is it important to have multiple trials when conducting an experiment?

To increase accuracy, reduce random error, and ensure reliable results.

What happens when you change the substrate?

The enzyme may not work or the reaction rate may change because enzymes are substrate-specific.