year 10 EOY History facts

Who ruled Germany in 1918?

Kaiser Wilhelm II

What kind of government did Germany have in 1918?

Federal government

Why did the Kiel Naval Commanders attempt to send out ships to destroy the British Fleet fail?

The sailors refused

What were the main aims of the workers and soldiers’ council in November of 1918

To end war, the politicians were worried that there would be a revolution

How many German casualties were there after WWI?

2 million

How many German wounded were there after WWI?

4 million

How much debt were the Germans in after WWI?

150 billion marks

How many Germans died of food shortages in WWI?

750,000

Were the Social Democrats right or left wing? By how much?

slightly left wing

Were the Spartacists right or left wing? By how much?

Very left wing

What kind of government did the Spartacists want?

Communist

What kind of government did the Social Democrats want?

Democratic

What were the main values of the Spartacists?

Equality and Distribution of wealth

What were the main values of the Social Democrats?

Capitalism and Democracy

Were the Spartacists united? Why?

No, the leader, Rosa Luxembourg, thought that they should wait until the workers in Germany were unhappy with the Social Democrat’s government before they revolted. The majority of the party disagreed and the Spartacists attempted to take control instantly.

Who were the 2 leaders of the Spartacists?

Rosa Luxembourg and Carl Liebenknecht.

What 2 buildings did the Spartacists invade on the 5th of January 1919?

The Government Newspaper and the Telegraph Bureau

How many Spartacists died during the Spartacist uprising?

100

How many Freikorps died during the Spartacist uprising?

13

Why did the Social Democrats win the Spartacist Uprising?

* Ebert made a deal with the army (including the Freikorps) to supress the Spartacists. The Army agreed because they would have wanted a more right-wing rule, and the Social Democrats were more right wing (although they were actually left wing - Lesser of 2 evils)
* The Spartacists failed - They attempted to revolt immediately
* Everyone hated the Spartacists - They wanted a communist government
* They were badly organised
* Lack of political supports - they were extremists
* The Freikorps crushed them
* The key leaders of the Spartacists were murdered.

Who were the Freikorps

A group of ex-soldiers who fought in WWI.

What were Hitler’s foreign policy aims?

* To create a Greater Germany, which meant having all of the German-Speaking people in Germany.
* To have more Lebensraum
* To destroy the Treaty of Versailles
* To destroy Communism
* To create a pure Aryan race
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What were the weaknesses of the Weimar Constitution?

* The President is elected every 7 years.
* The President appoints the Chancellor.
* The President can make laws in an emergency without going to the Reichstag. (Article 48) This gives the President too much power.
* No one had any experience running a democracy, becuase they had all been under the rule of the Kaiser for so long.
* Proportional representation meant that there couldn’t be a majority party.

What were the strengths of the Weimar Republic?

* Everybody had equal rights.
* Proportional representation allowed for fairer representation in Parliament - % of votes = % of seats in the Reichstag.
* A strong president was necessary for running a country.
* The Weimar Republic had a federal government and this meant that each state could makes its own laws and keep their own traditions.

how much money did the allies take from germany?

£6.6 billion

As well as the reparations, what did the Allies take from Germany after the TOV

10% of industry, and 15% of agricultural land

What military restrictions were placed on Germany under the Treaty of Versailles?

\-          The air force had to be disbanded

\-          The army was limited to 100,000 soldiers

\-          The navy was limited to 15,000 soldiers and 6 battleships, and 0 submarines.

\-          The Rhineland would be occupied.