Biological Molecules, Seed Germiniation and Carbon Cycle

Flashcards covering biological molecules, seed germination, and the carbon cycle.

What three main types of biological molecules should a diet contain?

Carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids

What elements are carbohydrates made of?

Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen

Give examples of different kinds of sugar and where they are found.

Fructose/glucose (fruit), lactose (milk), sucrose (table sugar)

What role do sugars play in the body?

Provide energy

Where is starch found?

Bread, potatoes, and cereals

What is the function of starch?

Energy storage

Where is cellulose found?

Plant cell walls

What is the function of cellulose?

Structural molecule that supports plant cells

Besides carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, what other elements do proteins contain?

Nitrogen and sulfur

Where are proteins found?

Milk, eggs, meat, and fish

What processes in the body require protein?

Growth, body-building (muscles and skin), and making enzymes

What three things are needed for seed germination?

Water, warmth and, oxygen

What is the role of water in seed germination?

Hydrates the protoplasm, mobilizes enzymes, and hydrolyzes stored food (starch)

Why is warmth needed for seed germination?

Enables enzymes to work

Why is oxygen needed for seed germination?

For aerobic respiration to supply energy for growth

What is the role of plants in the carbon cycle?

Use carbon dioxide during photosynthesis to produce sugars.

How is carbon dioxide returned to the atmosphere?

Through the decomposition of dead organisms by fungi and bacteria, and animal and plant respiration

What are some long-term carbon stores?

Fossil fuels and sedimentary rocks such as limestone

How do humans disrupt the carbon cycle and cause more atmospheric carbon dioxide?

Burning fossil fuels and deforestation

How does deforestation result in more atmospheric carbon dioxide?

Less carbon dioxide is removed from the atmosphere by photosynthesis, machinery used to clear forests emits carbon dioxide, and burning trees releases stored carbon.

Is the statement 'Green plants use carbon dioxide in photosynthesis' True or False?

True

Is the statement 'Combustion removes carbon from the atmosphere' True or False?

False – combustion releases carbon dioxide gas

Is the statement 'The largest store of carbon is the atmosphere' True or False?

False – more is found in marine organisms and limestone rock deposits

Is the statement 'Respiration adds carbon dioxide to the atmosphere' True or False?

True

Is the statement 'Respiration only occurs in animals' True or False?

False – both animals and plants respire

Is the statement 'Decomposers remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere' True or False?

False – they respire and release carbon dioxide

Is the statement 'Fossil fuels represent a huge (but decreasing) store of carbon' True or False?

True

Is the statement 'Increasing carbon dioxide may cause global cooling' True or False?

False – scientists think it will cause global warming

Is the statement 'Energy is transferred from plants to animals to decomposers' True or False?

True

Is the statement 'Respiration releases energy to the environment in the form of heat' True or False?

True