Caudal Neural Tube Defects (NTD's)

Practice flashcards covering types of caudal neural tube defects including Spina bifida occulta, meningocele, and meningomyelocele, along with their associated malformations and symptoms.

What is Spina bifida occulta and what are its common clinical features?

It is an asymptomatic condition characterized by a defect in the posterior part of the vertebrae and an underdeveloped posterior vertebral arch. It occurs under intact skin and may present with a swelling or tuft of hair over the defect.

What characterizes a meningocele?

A meningocele is a CSF filled cavity containing meninges where the defect underlies intact skin. A clinical hallmark is a positive ($+$) Transillumination test.

What is meningomyelocele and how is it classified among caudal NTDs?

Meningomyelocele is the most severe form of caudal NTDs and involves the herniation of meninges and spinal nerve roots. The term $\text{myelo}$ refers to spinal cord structures.

Which specific neurological malformation is associated with $80\%$ of meningomyelocele cases?

Arnold Chiari type II malformation.

Aside from Arnold Chiari type II, what other condition is commonly associated with meningomyelocele?

Hydrocephalus.

What are the primary risks and infections associated with meningomyelocele?

There is an increased risk of rupture and infection, such as meningitis.

What are the clinical consequences of spinal nerve root herniation in meningomyelocele?

It can lead to issues with tone or flaccidity of lower limbs and bowel bladder incontinence.