Microbio Immunity

vibro vulvinficus (shape, gram neg/pos, where it grows)

curvy blob, gram neg, grows in saline solutions (salt water)

vibro vulnificus (how it enters the body and symptoms it causes)

enters through cuts or contaminated food, sym: mild gastroenteritis (inflammation of the stomach), vomiting, diarrhea

what part of the immune system are WBC?

innate immunity

another word for granulocytes

polymorphonuclear leukocytes

how does neutrophils kill phagocytes

eats them or fusses with them (enzyme-filled lysosome)

basophils and eosinophils functions in the body

they release toxins and chemicals to change the diameter and permeability of blood vessels

mast cells function in the body

contains heparin and histamine

where are mast cells found in the body

they reside in the connective tissue and mucus

what percent of leukocytes are basophils

0-1%

what percent of leukocytes are eosinophils

1-3%

what percent of leukocytes are lymphocytes

25-35%

what percent of leukocytes are monocytes

3-7%

immune system steps a phagocytic cell kills bacteria

1. bacterium binds to surface of phagocyte and is ingested

2. a lysosome binds and fuses with phagosome (ingested bacterium)

3. lysosome enzymes cleave macromolecules and generate reactive oxygen, destroying the organism

where are lymphoid created and their associated cell

bone marrow, B-Cells; thymus T-Cells

secondary lymphoid organs

lymph nodes, spleen, Peyer’s patches, SALT, tonsils, adenoids, appendix

what cells produce antibodies

B-Cells

what type of oil does the skin produce? acidic/basic?

sebum, acidic

what lines the nasal cavity and helps trap microbes

hair and cilia

Skin-associated lymphoid tissue (SALT) function

recognizes microbes that went through the skin barrier

Langerhans cells

specialized dendritic cells that can phagocytize microbes

alveolar macrophages

located in the alveoli of the lungs and kill bacteria that makes it deep into the lungs

T or F, sneezing is designed to clear the respiratory tract

T

what organs in the body do we have acidic chemicals to kill bacteria

stomach and vagina

Defenses (characteristics/functions)

negatively charged (cation), kills by inserting themselves into the cell and rips the cell membrane apart

what would high basophil count indicate

allergic reaction, inflammation, viral infection

(SCID) Severe Combined Immuno-Deficiency 

when someone does not have T-Cells, so their body cannot create antibodies

treatment for SCID

bone transplant

What makes up the humoral adaptive immunity

Antibodies and plasma cells

plasma cells

B-Cells that produce antibodies

What makes up Cell-Mediated adaptive immunity

T-Cells (recognizes antigens and actives B-Cells)

cytotoxic T-Cells

T-Cells which kill an infected host

what type of T-Cells signal the B-Cells?

Helper T-Cells

B-Cells activation process

1. they bind to a bacterium

2. become activated by T-helper cells

3. create plasma and memory cells

4. plasma cell produces antibodies, in which bind to bacteria and alerts macrophage to kill bacterium

isotype antibodies

antibodies found in all individuals of one and related species

allotype antibodies

antibodies found within one species

idiotype antibodies

antibodies found within one individual

most common antibody shape

IgG

what is the only antibody type that can pass through the placenta?

IgG

IgG antibody function

Long-term antibody

what is the first antibody your body makes when your fighting an infection?

IgM

what Ab has an unknown function?

IgD

IgA functions and makeup

protects external bodily openings and has a J chain and secretory component

what type of antibodies transfer through breast milk?

IgA

IgE function(s)

creates allergic reactions and defends against infections

passive immunity definition

when antibodies are passed to the fetus

characteristic of mucular rashes

redness

characteristic of vesicular rashes

small blisters

characteristic of papular rashes

raised and solid bumps

characteristic of pustular rashes

raised and pus-filled

conjunctiva of the eye

white part of the eye