4. BIOENERGETICS
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30 Terms
what are the 2 types of respiration?
aerobic anaerobic
what is aerobic respiration
the most efficient method of respiration, uses oxygen
in which organisms does aerobic respiration happen in?
plants
animals
which subcellular structure does aerobic respiration take place in?
mitochondria
What is the word equation for aerobic respiration?
glucose + oxygen -> carbon dioxide + water
What is the symbol equation for aerobic respiration?
C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ → 6CO₂ + 6H₂O
what is releases during respiration?
energy
when does anaerobic respiration take place?
when there is not enough oxygen
what is anaerobic respiraton?
respiration without oxygen.
the incomplete breakdown of glucose
what is the equation for anaerobic respiration in humans?
glucose -> lactic acid
what real life situation results in the use of anaerobic respiration for humans?
during vigorous exercise
which respiration transfers more energy and why?
aerobic
anaerobic respiration means that glucose isn't fully oxidised
what is the equation for anaerobic respiration in plants/yeast?
glucose --> ethanol + carbon dioxide
what is ethanol?
alcohol
what is anaerobic respiration is yeast cells called?
fermentation
why is fermentation useful?
used to make bread and alcoholic drinks
how is fermentation used in bread making?
the CO2 makes the bread rise
how is fermentation used in wine/beer making?
produces ethanol(alcohol)
what happens when you exercise?
you respire more
Why do you respire more during exercise?
muscles need energy to contract and they are contracting more frequently
what does increase in respiration cause?
more oxygen
what increases during exercise and why? (3)
breathing rate
breath volume to get more oxygen into blood
heart rate so oxygenated blood moves around body faster
why is anaerobic respiration not ideal?
painful because muscle fatigue happens
what is muscle fatigue?
when the muscles get tired and stop contracting efficiently
what does anaerobic respiration lead to?
oxygen debt
what is an oxygen debt?
the amount of oxygen your body needs to react with the build up of lactic acids and remove it from cells
what happens when oxygen reacts with lactic acid?
forms CO2 and water (proper waste)
why do people breath hard after exercise?
to make up for the oxygen debt
what happens when there is high levels of CO2 and lactic acid?
pulse and breathing rate are high
how else does the body cope with high levels of lactic acid?
the liver transports the lactic acid back to glucose