Elizabethans Topic 1 Queens power

Who were the Puritans?

An extreme Protestant group advocating for local church control rather than centralized authority from bishops.

What did Puritans demand regarding Elizabeth's marriage?

They wanted her to marry a Protestant to ensure a Protestant succession.

What happened to John Stubbs for criticizing Elizabeth's marriage proposal?

He had his right hand cut off publicly for writing a pamphlet against her proposed marriage to the French Catholic Duke of Anjou.

What was the consequence for Peter Wentworth in 1593?

He was imprisoned in the Tower of London for urging Elizabeth to name a Protestant successor.

What organizational change did Puritans want in the Church?

They wanted to remove bishops and allow local church groups to choose their own leaders, known as Presbyterianism.

What actions did Elizabeth take against Puritan MPs discussing church reforms?

She banned a Parliamentary debate on removing bishops in 1585 and imprisoned three MPs for discussing it outside Parliament.

What was the role of Lords Lieutenant in Elizabethan governance?

They were powerful noblemen responsible for counties, organizing local defenses, and reporting problems to the Privy Council.

What issues did local government face during Elizabeth's reign?

Poverty and crime were significant issues, and Elizabeth relied on local officials for order and stability.

What were Justices of the Peace (JPs) responsible for?

They collected taxes, dealt with the poor, managed road repairs, and oversaw local courts.

What problems arose with Justices of the Peace?

Corruption and laziness, with some JPs ignoring duties or estimating lower taxes for friends.

What were Elizabeth's progresses?

Summer tours where she visited noblemen's houses to show her care for the people and maintain visibility.

What were pageants in the context of Elizabeth's reign?

Elaborate entertainments organized by nobles during Elizabeth's progresses to impress her and gain favor.

How did Elizabeth control public perception through portraits?

She regulated who could paint her and ordered the destruction of unflattering images, promoting a youthful image.

What was the significance of the 'Golden Speech' in 1601?

It was published quickly by her printer to reinforce her image as a caring queen.

How did Elizabeth influence church services?

She required a 'Prayer for the Queen's Majesty' during services, reinforcing loyalty and gratitude towards her.

What was the purpose of Accession Day services?

To thank God for Elizabeth's reign and to reinforce her status as a strong Protestant queen.

How did Elizabeth handle censorship of printed materials?

She controlled the printing industry, punishing writers who criticized her and promoting favorable publications.

What was the role of the Privy Council in Elizabethan propaganda?

They organized public events and published materials to promote Elizabeth's image and policies.

What was the relationship between Elizabeth and local governance?

She relied on local officials for governance, as most of the population lived outside London and she visited only a small portion of her kingdom.

What was the impact of Elizabeth's reliance on local officials?

It made her vulnerable to the power of local leaders, such as Lords Lieutenant, who could potentially lead rebellions.

What role did ladies-in-waiting play in Elizabeth I's court?

They influenced Elizabeth's decisions and some noblemen paid them to persuade her for patronage.

How did Elizabeth I limit her Privy Council?

She restricted it to about 19 members, with only seven or eight attending most meetings.

What strategy did Elizabeth I use to manage different viewpoints in her Privy Council?

She appointed councillors with differing viewpoints on important matters.

Why did Elizabeth I sometimes attend Privy Council meetings herself?

To prevent any individual councillor from gaining too much power.

How did Elizabeth I intimidate her Privy Councillors?

By showing her fierce temper unpredictably and dismissing councillors who offended her.

What was the role of Sir William Cecil in Elizabeth I's administration?

He was Elizabeth's main minister for 40 years, managing correspondence and advising her on governance.

What was Sir William Cecil's stance on religious conflict?

He was a moderate Protestant who tried to avoid foreign religious conflicts that could lead to expensive wars.

What was the significance of Sir Francis Walsingham in Elizabeth I's court?

He was responsible for foreign affairs and ran a network of informers to uncover plots against Elizabeth.

How did Elizabeth I's relationship with the Earl of Essex change over time?

Initially favored, Essex's ambition angered Elizabeth, leading to his rebellion against her authority.

What was the outcome of the Rebellion of the Earl of Essex?

It highlighted Elizabeth's weakened authority over court and her reluctance to promote certain courtiers.

What was Elizabeth I's approach to maintaining loyalty among her Privy Councillors?

She flattered them and rewarded them with jobs and wealth.

What was the role of the Secretary of State in Elizabeth I's government?

The Secretary of State was the senior member of the Privy Council and managed day-to-day government affairs.

Who were the two most significant Secretaries of State during Elizabeth I's reign?

Sir Francis Walsingham and Sir William Cecil.

What was the Elizabethan belief in a hierarchical society?

It placed God at the top, influencing the structure and power dynamics within the court.

What was the impact of the system of patronage at court?

It allowed Elizabeth to control her councillors and maintain power by granting favors.

How did Elizabeth I manage information flow within her court?

Much of the information passed through her main minister, Sir William Cecil.

What was the significance of the Privy Chamber in Elizabeth I's court?

It was a space where Elizabeth could interact with her ladies-in-waiting and trusted advisors.

How did Elizabeth I's temper affect her relationships with her advisors?

Her unpredictable temper could intimidate advisors and lead to conflicts, as seen with Walsingham.

What was the nature of Elizabeth I's relationship with Sir Francis Walsingham?

He was loyal but did not flatter her, which sometimes led to tension between them.

What was one of the key challenges Elizabeth I faced during her second reign?

Competing factions at court and a weakened authority over her Privy Council.

What conflict did the Privy Council face during Elizabeth I's reign?

A split between supporters of the Earl of Essex and William Cecil over strategy in the war with Spain.

What was the consequence of Elizabeth I's choice of Robert Cecil as Secretary of State?

It infuriated the Earl of Essex, leading to his disrespect towards Elizabeth.

What significant action did the Earl of Essex take in Ireland in 1599?

He made peace with the rebels instead of defeating them, which was against Elizabeth's orders.

What was the outcome of the Earl of Essex's rebellion in February 1601?

The rebellion failed quickly, leading to his arrest and execution for treason.

What were the three parts of the Elizabethan Parliament?

The Queen, the House of Lords (nobles and bishops), and the House of Commons (members of gentry).

How much time did Elizabeth's Parliament spend in debate during her reign?

Only 35 months over 45 years.

They met 13 times

What topics were restricted from discussion in Elizabeth's Parliament?

Religion, her marriage, the succession, and foreign policy.

What role did the Privy Council play in organizing Parliament?

Several members of the Privy Council were also MPs, helping to set the agenda.

How did Elizabeth I primarily rule during her reign?

By proclamations, which had the force of law, while needing Parliament for major changes.

What was Elizabeth's final resort regarding laws passed by Parliament?

She could reject a law by refusing to sign it or proroguing Parliament.

Why did Elizabeth call Parliament more frequently between 1580 and 1603?

Due to religious threats and the war with Spain, requiring additional laws and financial support.

What was the nature of the challenges Elizabeth faced from Parliament during her second reign?

MPs began to challenge her authority more frequently on issues like foreign policy and succession.

Who raised the issue of marriage in Parliament in 1579?

John Stubbs.

What were purveyances and monopolies in the context of Elizabethan economics?

Purveyances allowed Elizabeth to buy supplies below market price, while monopolies granted exclusive rights to sell products.

What was Elizabeth's response to complaints about monopolies in 1601?

She made a 'Golden Speech' to Parliament, flattering MPs and promising to address their concerns.

What was the significance of the Earl of Essex's actions in relation to Elizabeth's authority?

His rebellion and disrespect highlighted the challenges to Elizabeth's control and the limits of her power.

What did Elizabeth's Parliament primarily focus on during her reign?

They often challenged decisions on religion, economics, and freedom of speech.

What was the outcome of the Earl of Essex's decision to gather supporters in January 1601?

He failed to gain popular support, leading to his quick defeat.

How did Elizabeth manage her relationship with Parliament?

She often compromised and sought to maintain support through flattery and promises.

How did Elizabeth control her provy counicl and stop them from haining too mich power

Limited the council to about 19 members , with just seven or eight at most meetings

Appointed councillors with different view points on important matters

Sometimes attending the herself Showing her fierce temper for no apparent reason

Dismissing councillors from court if they offended her

Discussing policies courtiers councillors Encouraging loyalty by flattering privy councillors and rewarding them with jobs / wealth