Agriculture Unit 1 Vocab.

Agriculture industry

Comprises all the activities need to provide people with food, clothing, and shelter. Farm and non farm.

Agriculture

The science of growing crops and raising animals to meet food, fiber, fuel, and other needs of humans

Agribusiness

Includes the nonfarn sectors of the agriculture industry, such as supplies and services and products processing

Aquaculture

The cultivation of fish and other aquatic organism

Artificial insemination

Breeding technology where semen is taken from a male and forced into females reproductive system

Beef

Cattle raised for meat production

Biotechnology

Technological application that uses biological systems, living things, or derivatives to make/modify products/processes for specific use.

Bovine Somatotropin

Hormone given to cows to stimulate milk production

Cloning

The process of asexually reproducing

Conifer

Tree that produces cones (pine, spruce)

Deciduous Tree

Plant that sheds all trees annually to conserve water/energy during cold/dry season

Domestication

The taming, confinement, and breeding of animals for human use

Embryo Splitting

Removing an embryo from animal after conception, cutting embryo in half, placing each half in uterus of another animal

Embryo Transfer

removing fertilized eggs from female and placing in another female who carries them until birth

Estrous

“Heat” phase when female is sexually receptive to a male

Estrous Cycle

Reproductive cycle that prepares body for pregnancy through hormone changes and ovulation

Exports

Goods sold to or in another country

Farming

The use of land and other resources to grow crops and raise animals

Food Guide Pyramid

Nutrition education tool to visually represent recommended daily food servings

Forestry

The art, science, and practice of studying and managing forests

General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade

International trade pact that brought farm sector rules for the first time

Genetic Engineering

Moving genetic info. in the form of genes from one organism to another

GPS

In tractors used for site specific faming uses data to manage crop input with exact accuracy

Hatch Act

1887 - provides for a system of experiment station in conjunction with the land-grant college act

Homestead Act

Gave 160 acres of land to citizens who agreed to live on it and harm for 5 years

Implants

Small pellets placed under skin of animal

Info. Super Highway

Allows info. to be quickly shared electronically, through the internet

Imports

Products that are brought from another nation

International Trade

Buying and selling among 2 or more nations

Inventions

New devices or products or new ways or doing work

Lamb

Meet from sheep that are less than a year old

Morrill Land Grant College Act

Provided for the use of grants of land to establish colleges to teach agriculture, military, and related subjects in the states

Mutton

The meat of a mature adult sheep

Natural Fiber

Fiber from plant, animal, or natural resources used to make items (cotton, wool, flax, silk)

Natural Resources

Living and nonliving things found in nature (trees, flowers, minerals, animals)

Natural Selection

Humans actively choose traits aka selective breeding

No tillage

Farming method which grows crop without turning or disturbing soil through traditional plowing

North American Free Trade Agreement

Eliminated tariff and non tariff barriers on agriculture trade between U.S., Mexico Canada

Nutritional Groups

The main types of food recommended for consumption

Ornamental Horticulture

Producing plants for their beauty

Porcine Somatotropin

Natural growth horomone in pigs can be synthetically produced to improve growth rates, muscle mass

Pork

Meat from swine

Poultry

The breeding, raising, and harvesting of domesticated birds like chickens, turkeys, duck for meat and eggs

Pulp

Soft material usually from wood or plant that is used to make paper and cardboard

Quality of Life

Shelter, food, clothing - standard of living

Seasoning

The natural or artificial drying of lumber

Site Specific Farming

The use of practices needed on site specific land based on its condition or other factors

Smith Huges Vocational Education act

1917 - public high schools taught agriculture

Superovulation

Reproductive technique that ises hormones to stimulate female animal ovaries to release more eggs during estrous cycle

Surburban Faming

Growing or raising crops in suburban areas on a smaller scale

Swine

Uses specific terminology to classify pigs by age, sex, and reproductive status

Synthetic fibers

Fibers are manufactured from petroleum and other substances

Technology

The use of inventions in working and living

Tissue Culture

Propagating plants using single cell or small groups of cells

Transgenic animals

genes changed or manipulated through genetic engineering (organisms with forieng genes or DNA)

U.S. Department of Ag

USDA is executive department of U.S. that manages farming, food safety, and forestry

Variable Rate Technology

Set of tools that lets farmers automatically change amount of inputs (seeds, water) applied across different zones of single field

Smith Lever Agricultural Extension Act

Was passes to establish a link between the state land-grant colleges and farmers