Internet Protocol (IP)

What are the two versions of IP?

IPv4 (32-bit addresses) and IPv6 (128-bit addresses)

What problem is associated with IPv4 addresses?

IPv4 exhaustion problem

What is Network Address Translation (NAT)?

A method that allows multiple computers to share the same public IPv4 address but have different private addresses

What is the common Maximum Transmission Unit (MTU) for Ethernet?

1500 bytes

What is the common TCP Maximum Segment Size (MSS)?

1460 bytes

How many addresses does a Class A IPv4 block provide?

16,777,216 addresses

How many addresses does a Class B IPv4 block provide?

65,536 addresses

How many addresses does a Class C IPv4 block provide?

256 addresses

What does CIDR stand for?

Classless Interdomain Routing

What are the reserved IP address blocks for private networks?

10.0.0.0/8, 172.16.0.0/12, 192.168.0.0/16

What are the four steps in the DHCP process?

DHCP server discovery, DHCP offer, DHCP request, DHCP ACK

What does DHCP stand for?

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol

What is an interface in the context of routers?

The boundary between the host and the physical link

What is a subnet?

A network connecting multiple interfaces between routers and/or hosts

What is the purpose of a router?

To receive data and forward it onto some outbound link

What is the broadcast address used in DHCP discovery?

255.255.255.255

What is the source address used by a host during DHCP discovery?

0.0.0.0

What is the main reason IPv4 is still prevalent despite exhaustion?

The Internet's resistance to change and the use of NAT.

How does a DHCP server respond to a DHCP discover message?

With a DHCP offer message containing a proposed IP address for the client and the address lease time

What is the purpose of the DHCP ACK message?

To confirm the IP address assignment to the client.