US History Review: Constitutional Era to War of 1812

Alexander Hamilton

Born in the Caribbean, orphan, First Secretary of the Treasury; founded national bank; Federalist leader.

James Madison (role in Constitution)

"Father of the Constitution"; helped write the Bill of Rights, president during war of 1812

George Washington (role as president)

1st President; set many precedents; warned against political parties.

John Adams

2nd President; Federalist; passed Alien & Sedition Acts, most powerful spokes person for independence, peaceful president refused war to go to France, did not resist when beat as president

Abigail Adams

John Adams’ wife; early advocate for women's rights.

Sedition Act

Law that punished criticism of the government; limited free speech.

XYZ Affair

French officials demanded bribes from U.S. diplomats and would not talk without them, angered Americans.

Thomas Jefferson

3rd President; wrote Declaration of Independence; bought Louisiana Territory.

Luisiana Purchase

1803 land deal that doubled U.S. size; bought from France.

Lewis and Clark

Led expedition, Explored Louisiana Territory; mapped land and met Native tribes.

Sacagawea

Shoshone woman; helped guide Lewis and Clark expedition.

Impressment

British practice of kidnapping American sailors into their navy.

Embargo

Ban on trade; Jefferson’s Embargo Act hurt U.S. economy.

Tecumseh

Shawnee leader who tried to unite tribes against U.S. settlers.

The Prophet

Tecumseh’s brother; spiritual leader who urged Native resistance, said all Native Americans

War Hawks in Congress

Southern senators (Young congressmen) that pushed for war with Britain in 1812.

James Madison (role as president)

4th President; led U.S. during War of 1812.

Dolley Madison

Created traditions for the First Lady, Saved important items from White House during British invasion.

War of 1812 (who fought, who won)

U.S. vs. Britain; ended in a draw, but boosted U.S. pride.

On to Canada Campaign

U.S. attempt to invade Canada in War of 1812; mostly failed.

Fort McHenry and Francis Scott Key

Battle inspired Key to write the “Star-Spangled Banner.”

Battle of New Orleans

Major U.S. victory after war ended; made Andrew Jackson a hero.

Andrew Jackson

7th President; war hero; expanded democracy; supported Indian removal, making presidency a powerful position, first president not to come from elite background, got more people to vote

John Quincy Adams

6th President; won 1824 election through “Corrupt Bargain”, defeated big time in next election

Election of 1824

No majority in Electoral College; decided by House of Representatives.

The Corrupt Bargain

Alleged deal between Adams and Clay to win presidency in 1824, keep out Jackson, Clay becomes Secretary of State

Election of 1828

Andrew Jackson defeated John Quincy Adams; rise of common man.

Jacksonian Democracy

Expanded voting rights to all white men; promoted majority rule.

Daniel Bar Jamin

Main character in The Bronze Bow; seeks revenge against Romans.

Joel Bar Hezron

Daniel’s friend; involved in resistance against Rome.

Malthace

Joel’s sister; kind and wise; supports Daniel emotionally.

Rosh

Leader of rebel group; harsh and self-centered.

Ketzah

Daniel’s hometown; where his sister and friends live.

Capernaum

Town where Jesus teaches; plays a role in The Bronze Bow.