plant bio lec 2

what are the 4 major organic molecules

carbs, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids

sugars are what macromolecule

carbohydrate

carbohydrates are hydrophilic or hydrophobic

hydrophilic

what are the main roles of carbohydrates in plants

energy sources, energy storage, and structural support in cell walls

what are 2 common examples of monosaccharides

glucose and fructose

what is the main plant disaccharide

sucrose

what do humans use instead of sucrose

glucose

how is sucrose formed

removing water from a monosaccharide (dehydration synthesis)

disaccharides are a polymer of how many monomers

2

how many monomers are in polysaccharides

more than 2

what are the roles of polysaccharides

energy storage and structural support

what is a common polysaccharide in plants

cellulose, starch, pectin, chitin, and glycogen

starch is made up of what

chains of glucose

what is starch used for in plants

storage in photosynthesis

starch is the —— carbohydrate

most common

what are fructans

chains of fructose

what do humans use instead of starch

glycogen which are chains of glucose

cellulose is

chains of glucose and the main structure of plant cell walls, very resistant to degradation

lipids are hydrophobic or hydrophilic

hydrophobic

main roles of lipids

Energy storage, Structural support (cellular membrane), and Prevent water loss

what is the energy storage form lipids take

fats and oils

triglyceride is

3 fatty acids bonded to a glycerol that is formed through dehydration synthesis

saturated fat

unsaturated fats

at least one double bond

most plant fats are saturated or unsaturated

unsaturated

the difference between a phospholipid and storage lipids is

a phosphate group instead of a third fatty acid

phosphates are water—- and the tails are ——

soluble, insoluble

what do sterols do

stabilize phospholipid tails

lipids prevent water —-

loss

cutin

component of waxy cuticle – recall lecture 1, this is a key adaptation to land

Suberin

component of bark – highly hydrophobic

peptide bonds are also formed by what type of synthesis

dehydration

enzymes are a type of

protien

secondary metabolites are

non essential to life compounds in plants

Alkaloids

often responsible for poisonous properties or medically relevent

what are some types of alkaloids

opium, cocaine, caffeine, tobacco

Terpenoids

Largest class of secondary compounds

Also important as volatile compounds (readily produce vapors at room temperature)

Essential oils, isoprene (responsible for “blue” appearance of mountains from a distance)

Some also medically important, some poisonous

Also latex

Phenolics

flavonoids, lignin, tannins

Flavonoids

color compounds that color plants, help attract pollinators, protect against UV light, and are involved in microbe interactions

the addition of hydroxyl groups in plant flavonoids can cause what

color change to more blue coloration

tannins

what makes coffee and tea bitter, repellent to insects and other animals