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What factors led to Prohibition?
Nationwide Prohibition came about as a result of the temperance movement. The temperance movement began amassing a following in the 1820s and '30s, bolstered by the religious revivalism that was sweeping the nation at that time.
What was the Bolshevik Revolution and what did Americans' fear of it lead them to do?
The overthrow of Russia's Provisional Government in the fall of 1917 by Lenin and his Bolshevik forces, made possible by the government's continuing defeat in the war, its failure to bring political reform, and a further decline in the conditions of everyday life.
The United States responded to the Russian Revolution of 1917 by participating in the Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War with the Allies of World War I in support of the White movement, in seeking to overthrow the Bolsheviks. The United States withheld diplomatic recognition of the Soviet Union until 1933.
What did the following do? What reactions did they evoke? a) Emergency Quota Act (1921) b) Immigration Act of 1924
a)The Emergency Quota Act restricted the number of immigrants admitted from any country annually to 3% of the number of residents from that country living in the United States as of the 1910 Census.
This national-origins system was relatively favorable to the immigrants from southern and eastern Europe, for by 1910 immense numbers of them had already arrived.
b) The use of the National Origins Formula continued until it was replaced by the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965, which introduced a system of preferences, based on immigrants' skills and family relationships with US citizens or US residents. Southern Europeans bitterly denounced the device as unfair and discriminatory-a triumph for the "nativist" belief that blue-eyed and fair-haired northern Europeans were of better blood.
How and why was the eighteenth amendment broken so frequently?
Many people used alcohol as a social tool and couldn't resist living without it. The Federal Government also didn't enforce prohibition as stringently as any other product and therefore people started to make alcohol and also drink it.
How did the radio change America?
America before radio was not really connected as a result of the sluggish news spreading by letters and the scarcity of telegraphs. With the introduction of radio however America was now connected more than ever and entertainment was also changed as well. With comedic shows and major sporting events being casually broadcast.
Was government economic policy successful in the 1920s?
The US was in debt during the 1920s in 26 billion dollars because of borrowed money for the war effort. Secretary of the Treasury Andrew Mellon made drastic changes to taxes and cut the national debt down to 16 billion dollars. Overall I think that the government's economic policy was successful.
How were WWI veterans treated in the 1920s?
Disabled veterans, who had been coming home before the war's end, were offered physical and occupational rehabilitation through the Vocational Education Bureau. Most coped well and against all the odds managed to live reasonably happy and contented lives. Yet many men found themselves alone in a crowd.
What effects were produced by high American tariffs?
An poor Europe needed to sell its goods to America, but the tariff rates were high. They responded to this by raising their own tariffs. This hurt American made goods. Also, it further deepened the economic distress.
What are the arguments for America canceling the WWI debt of European countries?
The war transformed the U.S. from a debtor to a creditor. The Allies owed it $10 billion. The Allies protested that it was unfair because they had held their own until America joined the war. They argued that America should write off is loans as war costs. They also argued that the money they had borrowed had helped the American economy boom. Also, they argued that America's postwar tariffs made it almost impossible for them to sell the goods to repay their debt.
Why did the stock market crash in 1929?
The main cause of the Wall Street crash of 1929 was the long period of speculation that preceded it, during which millions of people invested their savings or borrowed money to buy stocks, pushing prices to unsustainable levels.
What were the world-wide repercussions of America's insistence of debt repayment?
The world wide repercussions for America's insistence on debt repayment were that Britain and France pay their debts to the U.S. so instead they put pressure onto Germany who could not pay. Charles Dawes came up with the Dawes plan, which stated that America would loan money to Germany who would then make payments to Britain and France who would then pay America.
How did President Hoover's beliefs affect the way he handled the Depression?
President Hoover's beliefs affected the way he handled the Depression in that he took the blame, which did nothing to help him. His rugged individualism made him slow to take government action and he believed that the Depression was a natural part of the business cycle. He came to the conclusion to just wait it out.
Red Scare
fear that communists were working to destroy the American way of life
Flappers
carefree young women with short, "bobbed" hair, heavy makeup, and short skirts. The flapper symbolized the new "liberated" woman of the 1920s. Many people saw the bold, boyish look and shocking behavior of flappers as a sign of changing morals. Though hardly typical of American women, the flapper image reinforced the idea that women now had more freedom.
F. Scott Fitzgerald
a novelist and chronicler of the jazz age. his wife, zelda and he were the "couple" of the decade but hit bottom during the depression. his noval THE GREAT GATSBY is considered a masterpiece about a gangster's pursuit of an unattainable rich girl.
Ernest Hemingway
Lost Generation writer, spent much of his life in France, Spain, and Cuba during WWI, notable works include A Farewell to Arms
Langston Hughes
African American poet who described the rich culture of african American life using rhythms influenced by jazz music. He wrote of African American hope and defiance, as well as the culture of Harlem and also had a major impact on the Harlem Renaissance.
Margaret Sanger
American leader of the movement to legalize birth control during the early 1900's. As a nurse in the poor sections of New York City, she had seen the suffering caused by unwanted pregnancy. Founded the first birth control clinic in the U.S. and the American Birth Control League, which later became Planned Parenthood.
Palmer Raids
Part of the Red Scare, these were measures to hunt out political radicals and immigrants who were potential threats to American security; led to the arrest of nearly 5,500 people and the deportation of nearly 400.
Kellogg-Briand Pact
Multilateral agreement attempting to eliminate war as an instrument of national policy. It was the most grandiose of a series of peacekeeping efforts after World War I.
Dawes Plan
A plan to revive the German economy, the United States loans Germany money which then can pay reparations to England and France, who can then pay back their loans from the U.S. This circular flow of money was a success.
Hawley-Smoot Tariff
Charged a high tax for imports thereby leading to less trade between America and foreign countries along with some economic retaliation
Hoovervilles
Shanty towns that the unemployed built in the cities during the early years of the Depression; the name given to them shows that the people blamed Hoover directly for the Depression.
Stimson Doctrine
In 1932, the policy declared in a note to Japan and China that the US would not recognize any international territorial changes brought about by force. It was enacted after Japan's military seizure of Manchuria in 1931.
