26-27 Pd 9 AP World Period 9 - Classroom

Green Revolution

A 20th-century agricultural movement that increased crop yields worldwide through high-yield seeds, synthetic fertilizers, pesticides, and improved irrigation.

Diseases associated with poverty

Illnesses prevalent in impoverished regions due to poor sanitation and lack of medical access, such as Malaria, Tuberculosis, and Cholera.

Diseases associated with longevity

Non-communicable health conditions that become more prominent as life expectancy increases, such as Alzheimer's disease, heart disease, and stroke.

Universal Declaration of Human Rights

A 1948 document adopted by the United Nations outlining basic rights and fundamental freedoms to which all human beings are entitled.

World Trade Organization (WTO)

An international organization founded in 1995 to supervise, regulate, and promote free trade among participating nations.

Multinational Corporation (MNC)

A company that manages production or delivers services in more than one country, such as Nestlé, Nissan, or McDonald's.

Non-Aligned Movement

An organization of states formed during the Cold War that sought to remain neutral and avoid formal alignment with either the United States or the Soviet Union.

Glasnost

A political reform policy introduced by Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev in the 1980s that allowed greater openness, freedom of speech, and transparency.

Perestroika

An economic restructuring program introduced by Mikhail Gorbachev aimed at decentralizing control and introducing limited free-market elements in the Soviet Union.

Apartheid

A system of institutionalized racial segregation and discrimination enforced by the National Party government in South Africa from 1948 until the early 1990s.

Nelson Mandela

An anti-apartheid leader who served 27 years in prison before becoming South Africa's first Black president in 1994.

League of Nations

An international diplomatic organization created after World War I to maintain world peace, which ultimately failed to prevent World War II.

United Nations (UN)

An international organization formed in 1945 following World War II to foster international cooperation, prevent future global conflicts, and protect human rights.

North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)

A 1994 economic agreement between the United States, Canada, and Mexico designed to eliminate trade barriers and tariffs between the nations.

European Union (EU)

A political and economic union of European states established to promote economic integration, single-market trade, and free movement of goods and people.

Deng Xiaoping

The leader of China from 1978 to 1989 who implemented economic reforms, including Four Modernizations and socialist market economy principles.

Deforestation

The widespread clearing or removal of forests, often driven by agricultural expansion, cattle ranching, and timber extraction in tropical regions like the Amazon.

Global Warming

The long-term increase in Earth's average surface temperature due to human activities, primarily fossil fuel combustion and greenhouse gas emissions.

Greenpeace

An international non-governmental environmental organization founded in 1971 that campaigns on global issues such as climate change, deforestation, and overfishing.

Tiananmen Square Protests

Student-led pro-democracy demonstrations in Beijing in 1989 that were forcibly suppressed by the Chinese government using military force.

Antibiotics

Medicines developed in the 20th century, beginning with Alexander Fleming's discovery of penicillin in 1928, that treat bacterial infections and significantly increased life expectancy.

Polio Vaccine

A medical breakthrough developed by Jonas Salk in the 1950s that effectively eradicated a devastating viral disease in most parts of the world.

International Monetary Fund (IMF)

An international financial institution created in 1944 to promote global monetary cooperation, secure financial stability, facilitate international trade, and reduce poverty.

Negritude Movement

A literary and ideological movement developed by Francophone Black intellectuals in the 1930s that celebrated Black cultural identity and resisted French assimilation.

Total War

A conflict in which participating nations mobilize all available resources, including civilian economic production and population, to support the war effort, characteristic of World Wars I and II.