Exam 4 Music

What is the acronym for the key characteristics of the romantic Era?

EMPIRE

What characteristic does the E in in EMPIRE stand for?

Expressive aims; focus on conveying deep emotions and individual expression

What characteristic does the M in in EMPIRE stand for?

Mood and extreme emotions; music often evokes a wide range of feelings

What characteristic does the P in in EMPIRE stand for?

Program music; instrumental music that tells a story or conveys a specific idea

What characteristic does the I in in EMPIRE stand for?

Individuality of style; each composer has a unique voice and style

What characteristic does the R in in EMPIRE stand for?

Rich harmonies; use of colorful and chromatic harmonies

What characteristic does the second E in in EMPIRE stand for?

Expanded range; greater dynamics, pitch, and tempo variations

Who is Franz Shubert, how long did he live, and what are 2 examples of his work?

(1797-1828) known for his art songs (Lieder) and expressive melodies, Austrian composer, choirboy and composer at an early age, poor Ex: Erlkönig (The Erlking) and Die Forelle (The Trout)

Who is Clara Schumann, how long did she live, and what is an example of her work?

(1819-1896); renowned virtuosic concert pianist and composer, significant in the music circle, German pianist/composer, child prodigy Ex: Er ist gekommen (He came in storm and rain)

Who is Hector Berlioz, how long did he live, and example of his work

(1803-1869): known for his innovative orchestration and programmatic music, French composer, studied medicine before music, fell in love with Shakesperean actress inspiring his first piece, idee fixe(single melody used to represent recurring idea), Ex: Symphonie fantastique

Who is Antonin Dvorak, how long did he live, and what is an example of his work?

(1841-1904); promoted Czech nationalism in music and Incorportated folk element, spent 3 yrs in musical conservatory in NYC, discovered by Brahms Ex: Dvorak: Symphony No 9 in E minor

Who is Robert Schumann, how long did he live, and what is an example of his work?

(1810-1856): famous for his song cycles and contributions to piano music, German composer, studied law in Leipzig, tried to be virtuoso piano, married teachers’ daughter, attempted suicide and committed to asylum Ex: Dichter Liebe (A Poet’s Love) and Fantasy Pieces Op. 12

Who is Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky, how long did he live, and what are 3 examples of his work?

(1840-1893); known for his ballets and symphonic works, blending Russian folk music with European styles, Russian composer, supported by benefactress or patron Ex: Eomeo and Juliet, Piano Concerto No1, Swan Lake, Nutcracker

What is the acronym for the form and genres of the romantic era?

CASTLE

What form or genre does the C in CASTLE stand for?

Character pieces; short, expressive works often for piano focusing on a specific mood, character, or emotion

What form or genre does the A in CASTLE stand for?

Art song; for solo voice with piano accompaniment, emphasizing poetry and emotion, song cycle

What form or genre does the S in CASTLE stand for?

Symphonic poems: orchestral works that tell a story or depict a scene

What form or genre does the T in CASTLE stand for?

Tone poems; similar to symphonics poems, focusing on a narrative

What form or genre does the L in CASTLE stand for?

Lieder: German art songs, often featuring romantic themes

What form or genre does the E in CASTLE stand for?

Exoticism: incorporation of foreign themes and styles into compositions

What is the acronym for emotional themes in romantic music?

LOVE

What emotional theme does L in LOVE stand for?

Love: Central theme in many compositions, often expressed through lyrical melodies

What emotional theme does O in LOVE stand for?

Obsession: Intense emotions and personal struggles reflected in the music

What emotional theme does the V in LOVE stand for?

Victory: Triumph over despair, often depicted in musical narratives

What emotional theme does the WE in LOVE stand for?

Exploration: a journey through various emotional landscapes and experiences

What is the timeline of the romantic period?

1820-1900

What was nationalism in the Romantic period?

national identity grew, citizens fought wars, bonds of language history and culture formed, composers purposefully gave their works distinctive national identity, use of folk songs and dances, wrote operas and program music inspired by native history and legends and landscapes

What is through composed song form?

new music for each stanza of a poem ex: Erlkonig by Schubert

What is Strophic/Modified Strophic song form?

same music is repeated for each stanza of a poem or most stanzas ex: Die Forelle (The Trout) by Schubert

What is a song cycle?

a set of art songs grouped together and unified by means of story lines and musical ideas Ex: An die ferne Geliebte (Tp the Distant Beloved), Die schone Mullerine (the Miller’s Beautiful Daughter), Dichterliebe (A Poet’s Love)

Who is Felix Mendelssohn?

a German composer who lived from 1809-1847 who initiated the revival of Bach’s music

Who is Fredric Chopin?

A polish composer and Pianist who lived from 1810-1849 who wrote almost exclusively for solo piano

Who is Franz Liszt?

A Hungarian Virtuoso pianist who created a symphonic poem and lived from 1811-1886

Who is Richard Wagner?

A German composer who wrote non-stop orchestras with chromaticism and endless melodies from 1813-1883

Who is Johannes Brahms?

a German composer who wrote absolute music and was generous to young musicians from 1833-1897

Who is Bedrich Smetana?

a Czech composer who is the father of Czech music who wrote Symphonic Cycle Ma vlast or my country (set of 6 symphonic poems) from 1824-1884

Who is George Bizet?

a French composer and child prodigy who won the gran Prix de Rome but had little success as a composer from 1838-1875, used verismo, Italian for realism Ex. Carmen

Who is Giuseppe Verdi?

an Italian composer known for operas with political overtones who supported the unification of Italy from 1813-1901 Ex. Rigoletto

Who is Giacomo Puccini?

an Italian composer known for his operas such as La Boehme, Madame Butterfly, and Turandot from 1858-1924

What is Nocturne piano composition?

meaning night piece, it is a slow, lyrical, intimate piece for solo piano

What is Etude piano composition?

a study piece focusing on a specific technique in performance

What is Absolute music?

instrumental music with no intended association to a story, poem, idea, or scene

What is a concert overture?

independent composition for orchestra in one movement

What is symphonic poem or tone poem?

programmatic composition for orchestra in one movement, set to a story

What is polonaise?

a slow, stately dance in triple meter that originated in Poland, often characterized by its expressive melodies and rhythmic patterns, commonly used in both dance and concert music.

What is a romantic orchestra?

an expanded orchestra compared to previous eras composed of strings, woodwinds, brass, and percussion providing a wider range of dynamics, timbres, and emotional expressions

What is rubato?

defined as a flexible tempo technique that allows performers to expressively stretch and compress the timing of notes within a musical phrase to enhance emotional depth and nuance.

What is leitmotif?

a recurring musical theme or motif associated with a particular character, idea, or emotion, used by composers like Richard Wagner to enhance the narrative and emotional depth of operas and orchestral works.

What was thematic transformation during the romantic era?

the process of developing a musical theme by altering its elements—such as rhythm, harmony, and orchestration—throughout a composition to convey different emotions and enhance the narrative depth of the music.