WGU - D313 - Anatomy and Physiology 2 Lymphatic System Test Questions with 100% accurate solutions 2026-2027
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121 Terms
What does the red pulp of the splenic nodule consist of?
reticular fibers
3 multiple choice options
What is a primary function of a lymph node?
filter bacteria out of the blood
3 multiple choice options
What is an example of a primary lymphoid organ?
thymus
3 multiple choice options
Which vessel do the right side of the face, neck, right upper extremity, and right thorax drain into?
right subclavian vein
3 multiple choice options
Through which structure does lymphatic fluid enter the lymph node?
through the afferent lymphatic vessel
3 multiple choice options
Which circulatory pathway leads to bacteria being removed from the body?
lymphatic
3 multiple choice options
What is the first line of defense when pathogens breach the defense barriers of the body?
phagocyte cells
3 multiple choice options
Which cell performs the major function of bringing antigens to regional draining lymph nodes during antigen presentation?
dendritic cells
3 multiple choice options
Which cells are involved in the second stage of inflammation?
macrophages
3 multiple choice options
What is another term for epitope?
antigenic determinant
3 multiple choice options
Which type of adaptive immune cell regulates other types of immune cells?
helper T cells
3 multiple choice options
Which immune system component is found in breast milk?
antibodies
3 multiple choice options
Where do T cells mature?
thymus
3 multiple choice options
At which phase of human development is the thymus gland at its largest?
young child
3 multiple choice options
Which statement is correct about the lymph node?
lymph nodes contains macrophages and lymphocytes
3 multiple choice options
What are 2 functions of the red pulp of the spleen?
acts as an important reserve for platelets and red blood cells
removes worn-out red and white blood cells and platelets
3 multiple choice options
Which lymphatic tissue is found in the small intestine?
GALT
2 multiple choice options
Where is the most active marrow found?
heads of the femur and humerus
3 multiple choice options
Which structure is a secondary lymphatic organ?
lymph nodes
2 multiple choice options
In which part of the human body are lymph nodes commonly found?
groin
3 multiple choice options
What is the function of the tonsils?
protection from inhaled and ingested pathogens
3 multiple choice options
Which structure holds the capillaries in place?
anchor filaments
2 multiple choice options
Which structure receives from the left side of the body and lower right side?
thoracic duct
3 multiple choice options
How does respiratory muscle help with lymphatic circulation?
it maintains low thoracic pressure
2 multiple choice options
Which structure is about 38-45 cm long and forms the largest confluence of lymphatic vessels in the body?
thoracic duct
2 multiple choice options
Which statements are true regarding the lymphatic system?
it drains the excess fluid via a series of ducts, vessels, and trunks
lymph is the term used to describe interstitial fluid once it has entered the lymphatic system
3 multiple choice options
In humans, ______ liters of plasma are released into the interstitial space of the tissues each day due to capillary filtration
30
3 multiple choice options
Which cells quickly arrive at the site of inflammation to engulf microbes and differentiate into macrophages and dendritic cells?
monocytes
3 multiple choice options
What are monocytes that quickly arrive at the site of inflammation to engulf microbes and differentiate into macrophages and dendritic cells?
phagocytic cells
3 multiple choice options
Which element chemically protect the body?
sebum
2 multiple choice options
During which stage of phagocytosis do receptors on the surface of the phagocyte bind to microbes?
adherence
3 multiple choice options
In which stage is the DNA of uninfected cells transcribed?
translation of antiviral protein
3 multiple choice options
Which phagocyte is the first to migrate to the site of tissue damage?
neutrophils
2 multiple choice options
Through which actions does the thermoregulatory center in the hypothalamus adjust body temperature from hypothermia levels to regular body temperature?
vasoconstriction
3 multiple choice options
Which cells are fixed macrophages that are present in the liver?
kupffer
3 multiple choice options
Which statement is true regarding the natural killer cells?
they originate in the red bone marrow and are concentrated in the spleen and lymph nodes
3 multiple choice options
What is considered the first line of defense against foreign substances?
urine
tears
3 multiple choice options
What is true regarding the first stage of inflammation?
permeability of blood vessels increases at the site of damage
3 multiple choice options
Which lymphocyte is the first to react to infection?
natural killer cells
2 multiple choice options
Which cells can recognize foreign particles previously encountered?
memory cells
3 multiple choice options
Which characteristic applies to the MHC class I molecule?
found on every cell in the human body except red blood cells
3 multiple choice options
Why has the development of an HIV vaccine been a challenge?
the virus mutates rapidly
2 multiple choice options
Which statement is correct regarding B cells?
an activated B cell produces and secretes antibodies
3 multiple choice options
Antigens are referred to as being immunogenic. Under which condition is a substance less likely to be immunogenic?
under none of these conditions
3 multiple choice options
Which one of of these is not a type or version of the T cells?
plasma cells
3 multiple choice options
Which statement is correct regarding HIV/AIDS?
the first signs of infection are generally flu-like symptoms 1-2 weeks after infection
3 multiple choice options
What is the name of the organ that fights invading germs in the blood?
spleen
3 multiple choice options
What are the primary lymphoid organs in the human body?
bone marrow and thymus gland
3 multiple choice options
Which cell is phagocytic?
neutrophils
3 multiple choice options
Which structure allows lymph from the lower right limb to enter the bloodstream?
thoracic duct
3 multiple choice options
Which cell would react quickly the first time one is exposed to a pathogen?
natural killer cell
3 multiple choice options
Which lymphoid structure is most likely to encounter food antigens first?
tonsils
3 multiple choice options
Where does the T cell develop and multiply?
thymus
3 multiple choice options
Which part of the body is drained with the right lymphatic duct?
right side of head, thorax, and right arm
3 multiple choice options
As the first phagocytes to arrive at the site of inflammation, ______ secrete cytokines to attract other immune cells to the site of infection
neutrophils
3 multiple choice options
Which structure of the lymphatic system removes dead red blood cells from the blood?
spleen
3 multiple choice options
Which cells are activated by interferons and cytokines and destroy cells infected with a wide range of viruses and cancers?
natural killer cells
3 multiple choice options
What are the primary cells of the adaptive immune response?
lymphocytes cells
3 multiple choice options
Why does the human body have natural antibodies?
to provide immunity to environmental bacteria
2 multiple choice options
Which type of immune cell is most directly effective against bacteria?
complement cell
3 multiple choice options
Which type of immune cell works in concert with cytotoxic T cells against virally infected cells?
natural killer cells
2 multiple choice options
Which situation leads to the redness of inflammation?
increased blood flow
3 multiple choice options
The process that signals to phagocytes that the pathogen needs to be ingested is called _______
opsonization
3 multiple choice options
Which type of immune cell secretes chemical messengers?
T lymphocyte cell
3 multiple choice options
Which cells are important in the innate immune response?
macrophages
3 multiple choice options
Where do multipotent stem cells mature into immunocompetent B cells and pre-T cells?
red marrow
3 multiple choice options
Which two body systems pumps the lymph fluid to the blood system?
skeletal and respiratory muscle pumps
3 multiple choice options
What is considered the second line of immune defense?
fever
2 multiple choice options
Which natural killer cell granule creates holes in the plasma membrane?
perforin
3 multiple choice options
How does interferon function?
it prevents the replication of viruses
2 multiple choice options
Damage occurs if a fever temperature rises too high. Death results if fever reaches _____
112 f
3 multiple choice options
A nurse is poked accidentally by a needle through gloved after injecting the patient.
Has the infection passed the first line of immune defense? If yes, which first line of defense is breached?
yes, skin
3 multiple choice options
How will the nurse's immune system respond to this event?
vasodilation, chemotaxis, and diapedesis of neutrophils and natural killer cells will occur
3 multiple choice options
A nurse is poked accidentally by a needle through gloved after injecting the patient.
How does the body recognize the entry of hepatitis B virus?
with help of MHC, the infected cell is introduced to T cells
2 multiple choice options
A nurse is poked accidentally by a needle through gloved after injecting the patient.
How would the body initially respond if the nurse was not vaccinated?
the body would produce a fever and increase adaptive immune response by activating helper and cytotoxic T cell
3 multiple choice options
Adaptive immunity can be divided into which two main processes?
antibody-mediated immunity
cell-mediated immunity
3 multiple choice options
Where do B and T cells generate from?
bone marrow for both
2 multiple choice options
What is the role of the B cell?
to make plasma cells and ultimately antibodies
3 multiple choice options
How do macrophages help to counter infection?
by engulfing the pathogen and lysis with lysosomes
3 multiple choice options
______ immunity attacks pathogens that have invaded the cells of the body. It is controlled by _______, which react to antigens present on the surface of the infected cells, triggering their destruction
cell-mediated, T cells
3 multiple choice options
Some daughter cells of an activated T lymphocyte will become these cells which use cytokines to activate other immune cells
helper T cell
2 multiple choice options
The cell signaling molecule that causes vasodilation and increased capillary permeability to bring nutrients and leukocytes to an injury as part of the inflammatory response
histamine
2 multiple choice options
This programmed cell death can be triggered by, for example, cytotoxic T cells when they find a cancerous body cell, or one infected by a virsu
apoptosis
2 multiple choice options
Chemical signals, released at the site of an injury or infection, that travel to the hypothalamus and trigger an increase in body temperature, or fever
pyrogens
2 multiple choice options
Collections of lymphoid tissue embedding in the tissues lining the respiratory and digestive tracts
mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue
2 multiple choice options
Collections of lymphoid tissue that form a ring around the pharynx
tonsils
2 multiple choice options
The specific and versatile collection of cellular-based and antibody-based components of the immune system, including T lymphocytes and B lymphocytes
adaptive defenses
2 multiple choice options
Cells like macrophages and neutrophils that indiscriminately ingest pathogens as part of the innate defenses
phagocytes
2 multiple choice options
The watery fluid, electrolytes, proteins and other materials, and white blood cells that flow through the lymphatic system
lymph
2 multiple choice options
Derived from monocytes, these "big eaters" crawl around tissues looking to envelop and digest pathogens
macrophages
2 multiple choice options
The type of lymphocyte responsible for cellular immunity, these mature in the thymus, read presented antigens, and regulate much of the adaptive immune response
T lymphocytes
2 multiple choice options
The vessel drains lymph from the legs, abdomen, left thorax and head, and dumps it into the left subclavian vein
thoracic duct
2 multiple choice options
The collection of cells and structures - like skin, mucous membranes, phagocytes, and antimicrobial proteins - that provide general immunity and defenses from infection from birth
innate defenses
2 multiple choice options
Antimicrobial peptides found on the skin and mucous membranes
defensins
2 multiple choice options
The small vessels that pick up excess interstitial fluid and transport it to be checked for signs of infection and returned to the bloodstream
lymphatic capillaries
2 multiple choice options
The triggering of a primary adaptive immune response by injecting an inactivated or extremely weakened pathogen
vaccination
2 multiple choice options
The type of immunity gained when exposure to a pathogen triggers the adaptive defenses to make antibodies and memory B cells, so that a future secondary response is possible
active immunity
2 multiple choice options
The protein on which cells can present whole or partial antigens they have engulfed, or are infected by
major histocompatibility complex
2 multiple choice options
The type of immunity gained by transferring just antibodies, as with breast milk, so that immunity is temporary and no memory B cells are formed
passive immunity
2 multiple choice options
The part of the adaptive immune system that involves activated T cells directly destroying virus-infected or cancerous cells
cellular immunity
2 multiple choice options