HS 200 Bryce Lane Final (Tests 1-3)

Are all variant plants within a species, botanical varieties?

No

Species

a group of plant within a genus

Variations

ex : size, habit, leaf color, flower color
"chance seedling"

Botanical Variety

a group of plants within a species

Plants have common names and scientific names(binomial names). What is the third kind of name that plants are being given now?

Trademark/copyright name

Cercis canadensis texensis was a naturally occurring, self-perpetuating group of trees discovered where?

Texas

Cercis canadensis texensis

"Traveller" - grafted 'covey'(weeping) and 'forest pansy'(upright burgundy)

What can you tell me about the following binomial term: fastigiata?

it is a Latin word, but not enough information to determine what binomial term it is

When a plant is said to have "variegated" leaves, what does that mean?

the leaves are a combination of green and cream or yellow

What other plant is in the same family as Poison Ivy(Anacareacae), and therefore could pose possible health risk to some people?

cashews

Cercis canadensis pendula 'Blueblood'

canadensis is the?

specific epithet

Cercis canadensis pendula 'Blueblood'

cercis canadensis pendula is the?

variety

Cercis canadensis pendula 'Blueblood'

Cercis canadensis is the?

species

Cercis canadensis pendula 'Blueblood'

Cercis canadensis pendula 'Blueblood' is the?

cultivar

What type of crop is the tomato?

it depends how many acres of tomatoes you are growing

What is the study of extending the keeping quality of horticultural crops called?

postharvest physiology

What is the study of the cultivation of flowers and potted plants called?

floriculture

Pomology

the study of the cultivation of fruits

Olericulture

the study of the cultivation of vegetables

Landscape Horticulture

the study of the cultivation of plants to enhance the outdoor living space

Who gives plants their common name?

you and me and anyone who might want to

Why does the binomial system use Latin as a language?

new Latin words can be create easily and
Latin is a dead language, no country uses it as their own

Genus: "a group of plants that are similar". What is wrong with this definition?

Plants in the same genus may have different vegetative characteristics but the reproductive similarities are reliable. It should say "...have similar reproductive characteristics"

To be in the Genus, what must Quercus plants be able to produce?

acorns
*quercus are oaks

What is the Genus name for Maple?

Acer

In the sneaker illustration we had in class, Nike represented what plant classification unit?

Genus

In the sneaker illustration we had in class, New Balance 574 represented what plant classification unit?

Species

What was an important concept learned from the sneaker illustration?

there can be variation within a species

What is unique about plants that are botanical varieties?

they occur naturally and have unique characteristics, which are self-perpetuating

How are cultivars different from botanical varieties?

to make more, cultivars must be cultivated by humans, they are not self-perpetuating

Why is it better to use the binomial system?

it avoids the confusion created by common names and the binomial system is descriptive and shows when plants are related to each other

What was the new cultivar of redbud, Cercis canadensis "Ruby Falls", developed from?

plant breeding
*desireable because it is a burgundy leaf weeper

Gymnospermae is a class of plants that are characterized by having?

naked seeds contained in strobili or cones

Tracheophyta is a?

a division of plants that have "tubes"(a vascular system)

Why would it be important to know the difference between Monocots and Dicots?

- there are selective herbicides that kill only dicots but are harmless to monocots
- allows us to control broadleaf weeds in our turfgrass

In the story about Fred Cochran and the dwarf loblolly pines(Pinus taeda 'Nana'), where did the dwarf trees come from?

- diseased branch
- not available for sale because it's almost impossible for people to make more(vegetative propagation)

Chance Seedlings that are "doomed"?

are not able to self-perpetuate their new and different characteristics

What is a weed?

any plant growing where you don't want it to

People create cultivars in 3 ways. What are they?

1 Plant breeding(hybridization)
2 Discovered chance seedlings
3 Propagation of mutated branches possessing unique, desirable characteristics

Where did the cranberry plant get its name from?

the flower looks like the head of the New England "Sandhill Crane", people got lazy and removed the "e"

The scientific name for the Japanese Holly?

Ilex crenata

The "Hearts of Gold Redbud" is a naturally occurring, developed what?

cultivar

Horticulture is derived from two Latin words, hortus and culturae. Hortus means?

garden
*culturae means to cultivate/take care of

How is horticulture different from botany?

horticulture is an applied science, botany is more of a basic science

Most of the plants(85%) used by gardeners and yardeners are what?

cultivars

What can you tell me about the binomial term: 'Fastigiata'?

it's a cultivar epithet

Plant taxonomy and nomenclature refer respectively to what?

plant categories and names

Why is the term "seed potato" misleading for gardeners?

they are not seeds but tubers used to grow new potatoes vegetatively

What do stems have that roots do not?

nodes and internodes

What are the four functions of stems?

1 Food production
2 storage
3 support
4 transportation

Spring flowering trees, planted in backyard that have not flowered yet. Why not?

- they are planted under a grove of pines and not getting enough sunlight to produce enough sugar to flower
- cut down some of the pines

What is the key to insuring both vegetative and reproductive growth in plants?

provide sufficient light intensity

What is so unique about the venus fly trap?

it has adapted modified leaves that capture insects in order to self fertilize

What is the term used to describe when the plant moves material from one place to another through the xylem and phloem?

translocation

What does the plant growth process called respiration produce?

Carbon dioxide, water and chemical energy

What is the process where a plant uses the sugars it has produced to build a new leaf?

vegetative plant growth

What is the primary factor in regulating the rate of respiration?

temperature

What are stomata responsible for?

regulating gas exchange(traspiration and carbon dioxide absorption)

How many stomata are usually found on the undersides of leaves?

thousands per square centimeter

What is the primary function of transpiration in plants?

transportation system for nutrients and to maintain the turgidity in the plant

Which substances are absorbed by the root via osmosis?

water

What is the most agreed upon theory for nutrient uptake in the plant's roots called?

Carrier Molecule Theory

How do you counteract overfertilization?

water a lot to dilute the high solute concentration and leach the salts

The substrate(cookie sheet) of the chemical reaction called photosynthesis is?

chloroplasts

The "ingredients" of photosynthesis are?

carbon dioxide and water

Why is photosynthesis considered the most important process on earth?

because of the food that only plants can produce sustains life as we know it

Other than storage, a major function of leaves is?

food production

What are stems that grow horizontally on top of the ground termed?

prostrate

What percentage of the dry weight of a plant comes from photosynthesis and what percentage comes from the soil?

96% from photosynthesis
4% from the soil

The products of photosynthesis are

sugar and oxygen

If a plant is able to produce only a limited amount of sugar, what type of growth will be prioritized?

vegetative growth

How is water absorption in plants different from nutrient absorption?

nutrient absorption is an active process and water absorption is a passive process

What percent of water absorbed by the plant used in the photosynthetic process?

1%

What are Irish potatoes?

they are not roots, they are modified stems called tubers

What are sweet potatoes?

a large swollen secondary root

What is the best way to go "Green" in the garden according to Bryce?

improve your garden and landscape soils

What is an example of a subtropical plant?

lemon
tolerates short periods of freezing

When we talk about soil color, particle size and water movement we are referring to?

soil physical properties

A geographic zone of similar soil, rainfall, temperature and plant life is called a?

Biome

What is the largest family of plants? Half of them have aerial roots termed epiphytic and the other are terrestrial.

Orchids

Term to describe leaves that are yellow and fading?

Chlorotic

Technical term that describes a plant's ability to withstand a severe low temperature on any given day.

Temperate Plant Hardiness

What is the recommended day to plant tomatoes in Raleigh, NC?

2-4 weeks after April 15th(FFFD)

What do you call the date beyond which the chance of frost greatly decreases?

First Frost Free Date

Deciduous trees?

lose all of their leaves every fall

Herbaceous plants are primarily made up of?

soft, tender and succulent tissue

A perennial?

lives for 3 or more years, generally overwinters underground

What do you call plants that come from annuals that set seed, over-winter and germinate up the following year?

volunteer

Plants with variegated leaves and multicolored leaves generally require what more than their species with dark green leaves?

higher light intensities

A plant organ that arises from an abnormal place is called?

adventitious

The first root to emerge from the STEM is termed?

adventitious

Are all tap roots primary roots?

yes

The major functions of roots are?

Storage
Absorption
Anchorage
Transport

The number one food producing organ in the plant is the?

leaf

A tender perennial?

has a zone 8 hardiness rating and would require protection in Raleigh, NC

Bamboo, Snake plant, and Ginger and three kinds of plants that produce modified underground stems called?

rhizomes

What is the secret behind how Bristlecone Pines can live for thousands of years even though their environment is not ideal for their growth?

the trees allow parts of themselves to die so that the whole can live

What is the nutrient that regulates stomatal opening and closing?

potassium

Where is the venus fly trap native?

Southeastern NC and Northeastern SC

Soil is?

stuff(mineral and organic) plus space(air and water)