History and Structure of American Law Enforcement

These flashcards cover key concepts and vocabulary related to the history and structure of American law enforcement as discussed in the lecture notes.

Tithing system

A system in which several hundreds constituted a unit similar to a county.

Father of modern policing

Sir Robert Peel is known as the father of modern-day American policing.

Resistance to police departments

Early American citizens resisted the formation of the first police departments.

Frankpledge system

An early system of informal policing in England mandating boys and men age 12 and older to report suspects.

Number of law enforcement agencies in the U.S.

Approximately around 18,000 local, state, and federal public law enforcement agencies operate in the United States.

Influence of history on modern policing

Studying the history of the police can highlight change, help us understand reforms, and provide perspective on current issues.

Kin-police

An early form of policing practiced in Greece around 600 BC.

London Metropolitan Police

Created by Sir Robert Peel in 1829, establishing modern policing practices.

Political Era of Policing

The period of 1840-1920 characterized by political influence in police forces and lack of job security.

August Vollmer

Known as the father of police professionalism in America and authored the Wickersham Commission Report.

Reform agenda during Professionalization Era

Aimed to define policing as a profession, eliminate political influence, and raise personnel standards.

Technology Revolution in Policing

Established in the 1930s, it involved centralization and the use of advanced technologies like patrol cars and two-way radios.

Police Crisis: Legacy of the 60s

A period marked by rising crime, civil rights movements, and increased scrutiny of police legitimacy.

Era of Community Policing

A policing strategy beginning in 1970 that focused on proactive approaches and community involvement in crime prevention.

War on Terror

Refers to the era of policing from 2001 to 2014 focused on national security.