Classification of Mechanical Ventilators

solely gas powered ventilators are called

pneumatic ventilators

ventilators that are powered by both pneumatic and electric power sources (microprocessors)

third generation ventilators

name the 3 power sources of ventilators

-pneumatic

-electric

-third generation

"unintelligent" vent control system where the operator sets a tidal volume and the ventilator delivers the tidal volume to the circuit.

open-loop system

why are open-loop systems considered "unintelligent?"

because the ventilator cannot respond to changing circumstances such as leaks in the system.

"intelligent" vent control system that uses a microprocessor technology system that can compare the tidal volume setting to the tidal volume exhaled by the patient and alter the volume delivery

closed-loop system

part of the user interface that is monitored and set by the operator

Control Panel

the control panel is ultimately used to regulate what 4 variables?

-flow

-volume

-pressure

-time

a series of tubes that allow gas to flow inside the ventilator

internal pneumatic circuit

ventilator with internal circuit that allows the gas to flow directly from it's power source to the patient

single-circuit ventilator

which internal pneumatic circuit system is more common in todays ICU's?

single circuit ventilators

ventilator where the power source flows gas to bellows then to the patient

double circuit system

connects the ventilator to the patients artificial airway

External pneumatic circuit

the ventilator output to the patient's airway adapter or connector

main inspiratory line

fits the main inspiratory line to the patient's airway (also called the Y-connector)

Adapter

carries expired gas from the patient to the exhalation valve

expiratory line

releases exhaled gas from the expiratory line into the room air

expiratory valve

name 3 contraindications of mechanical ventilation

-DNR/DNI

-Untreated pneumothorax

-COPD

name for hazards of mechanical ventilation

-Volu/Barotrauma

-Decreased Cardiac Output

-Pneumothorax

-Increased intercranial pressure

Mode that initiates inspiration

Trigger

trigger that delivers breaths based on a set respiratory rate

controlled (time trigger)

trigger that allows patient to initiate inspiration

assisted

name the 2 types of patient (assisted) triggers

-flow trigger

-pressure trigger

mode that determines the size of the delivered breath

limit

name the main two limit modes

-Volume control

-Pressure control

mode that controls end of inspiration

cycle

name the 3 types of cycles

-volume

-time

-flow

trigger where the breath begins when the ventilator has measured an elapsed amount of time. The ventilator controls the number of breaths delivered per minute.

Time triggered (controlled)

in assisted pressure trigger, what should the sensitivity level be set to?

-1 to -2 cmH2O

which patient assisted trigger requires less work of breathing?

flow trigger