EEX3093 EXAM 1

Social Model of Disability

suggests that if societies were set up in a way that was accessible for people with disabilities, those individuals would not be restricted from full participation in the world around them

• individual limitations are not the cause of disability

• it’s society’s failure to provide appropriate services and ensure that the needs of people with disabilities are taken into account

• developed by individuals with disabilities as a response to the medical model

Medical Model of Disability

looks to diagnose and cure

• views disability as being caused by a physical, mental, or sensory impairment

• views the individual as “normal” or “not normal”

• focus is to cure the effect of the impairment

• may foster existing prejudices

Tragedy Charity Model

looks at individuals with disabilities as victims of a particular circumstance in need of our pity

• traditionally used by charities for fundraising purposes

• has the propensity to lower the self-esteem of the person with the disability

• based in the medciak model - assumes care is needed

Religious-moral Model

draws on certain cultural beliefs grounded in religion and morality

• disability may be viewed as a punishment for past sins or the result of an evil spirit / necessary infliction for some future spiritual award

Economic Model

disability is defined by a person’s ability or inability to work

• assesses the degree to which impairment affects an individual’s productivity and the economic consequences for the individual, employer, and the state

• often used by policymakers to assess distribution of support and funding

Customer Empowering Model

the customer aka person with a disability decides and chooses services based on what they think is appropriate for them and their needs

• wants the financial resources under the control of the individual and their family

Stigma

• a mark of disgrace associated with a particular circumstance, quality, or person

• a set of negative and unfair beliefs that a society or group of people have about something

Prejudice

“pre judging” / emotional reaction

• an attitude with an emotional response that can be positive or negative

• hostile or negative attitude toward a group of people based solely on their membership in a particular group

Stereotyping

• a cognitive function

• generalizations about a group of people in which identical characteristics are assigned to virtually all members of the group, whether it has a basic or not

Why do we have stereotypes?

• we categorize information according to what we regard as normal

• we use them to simplify our social world and reduce the amount of processing or thinking we have to do when meeting a new person

What happens when we stereotype?

what’s wrong with stereotyping?

• You don’t see the person’s individuality beyond their label

Subtyping

keeps our stereotype safe

Discrimination

• behavioral act

Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)

signed into law on July 26th, 1990

Disability

Major life activities

ADA Title I

Employment

ADA Title II

Public services

ADA Title III

Public Accomodations

ADA Title IV

Telecommunications

ADA Title V

Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA)

The IDEA governs

What is special education?

EAHCA: Education for All Handicapped Children Act

FAPE: Free Appropriate Public Education

IEP: Individualized Education Program

ISFP: Individualized Family Service Plan

ITP: Individual Transition Plan

LRE: Least Restrictive Environment

ADA accommodations must be

1. reasonable

2. cannot impose an undue hardship

= remove workplace barriers without costing the employer a significant amount of $

• determined on a case by case basis

Groups exempt from the ADA

If the small business or home conducts business related to legal, health, or financial matters,

then those businesses, regardless of size or location, must adhere to ADA requirements regardless of the numbers of employees

What conditions are not covered under the ADA?

Myth #1: Accommodating workers with disabilities costs too much money

Reasons to hire people with disabilities

- US individuals are hard of hearing

35 million

- US individuals are profoundly deaf

300,000

- in - people in the US aged 12 or older have hearing loss in both ears

1 in 8

-% of Americans aged 45 to 54 have a disabling hearing loss

2%

-% of individuals between the ages of 55 and 64 have hearing loss

8.5%

-% of individuals between 65 and 74 report hearing loss

25%

-% of individuals 75 or older report hearing loss

50%

Cochlear implants

provide a way for the brain to process sound

Why are cochlear implants controversial?

-% of children born deaf are born to hearing parents

90%

26 million