Neuroanatomy Modules 1-4 Quizzes

Which of the following choices best describes the advantage of staining a piece of brain tissue on a microscope slide with antibodies (via immunocytochemistry) compared to other organic markers?

a. Immunocytochemistry will non-discriminately stain all parts of all cells in the piece of tissue.

b. Immunocytochemistry will create an inflammatory reaction in that piece of tissue.

c. Immunocytochemistry will selectively bind to a specific protein only if that protein is present in the tissue.

d. Commercially prepared antibodies are much cheaper and easier to come by than organic stains.

c. Immunocytochemistry will selectively bind to a specific protein only if that protein is present in the tissue.

After reviewing images of synapses in an electron micrograph, you notice one that has an asymmetrical submembranous density, a cleft width of about 30 nanometers (nm) and round-large synaptic vesicles in the pre-synaptic terminal. According to Gray's classification of synapses, which of the following choices best describes this type of synapse?

a. type I synapse that is most likely excitatory

b. type II synapse that is most likely inhibitory

c. type III synapse that is most likely excitatory

d. type IV synapse that is both inhibitory and excitatory

a. type 1 synapse that is most likely excitatory

Nerve growth factor (NGF) has been shown to be transported from the growth cone retrogradely to the cell body of developing neurons. This process has been shown to utilize fast axonal transport involving microtubules and which "motor" protein?

a. kinesin

b. dynein

c. synapsin

d. Nogo

b. dynein

the axon hillock represents the...

a. origin of the axon

b. middle of the axon

c. terminal end of the axon

a. origin of the axon

Which of the following items describes the unique thing about Nissl bodies?

a. they are only located in the axon terminal

b. they are only located in the soma

c. they are localized only in oligodendrocytes

d. they are not located in the axon hillock

d. they are not located in the axon hillock

Which of the following statements about Schwann cells is FALSE?

a. they are derived from neural crest cells

b. each Schwann cell is capable of myelinating several different axons in a fascicle

c. Schwann cells transform into neurilemmal cells during axon regeneration

d. they wrap a myelin coat around axons located in the peripheral nervous system

b. each Schwann cell is capable of myelinating several different axons in a fasicle

which of the following is NOT a protein found in CNS myelin

a. myelin associated glycoprotein (MAG)

b. galactocerebroside (GC)

c. proteolipid protein (PLP)

b. galactocerebroside (GC)

which of the following molecules is NOT found in an oligodendrocyte?

a. myelin basic protein (MBP)

b. proteolipid protein (PLP)

c. glial fibrillary acid protein (GFAP)

c. glial fibrillary acid protein (GFAP)

Which of the following statements concerning the term "ring-enhancing" associated with glioiblastoma multiforme is FALSE?

A) the bright "ringed" image surrounds a central area of necrotic (decayed) brain tissue

B) the contrast material is localized to areas of a disrupted (or absent) blood brain barrier

C) a "ringed" image is commonly seen in other types of primary brain tumors

c. a ringed image is commonly seen in other types of primary brain tumors

a medulloblastoma is a type of brain tumor that most commonly originates from transformed cells located in which part of the nervous system?

a. cerebellum

b. choroid plexus

c. dorsal root ganglia

a. cerebellum

the extracellular matrix is a meshwork of proteins that provides a substrate for growth cones to grow on. which of the following is NOT an extracellular protein?

a. fibronectin

b. actin

c. chondrotin sulfate proteoglycan

b. actin

How will the width of the left eye ocular dominance column be affected if the right eye is sutured closed after the critical period of synapse formation in layer 4 of the primary visual area of the occipital cortex? The width will...

a. increase

b. decrease

c. not change

c. not change

which of the following does NOT occur in the proximal stump following axotomy?

a. axon sprouting occurs

b. new growth cones formed

c. GAP-43 expression increases

d. the cell body undergoes mitosis

d. the cell body undergoes mitosis

Tenascin and chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPG) are extracellular matrix molecules that actively promote neurite outgrowth in the adult central nervous system.

True or False?

false

You see a patient with a wound of the forearm and it has been determined that the nerves have been cleanly cut about 8 inches away from their target muscles. Your patient asks you about how much time is needed before functional recovery may occur. A reasonable response from you would be:

a. about 8 days

b. about 8 weeks

c. about 8 months

d. about 8 years

c. about 8 months

Which of the following tissues may be grafted into an early stage chick embryo in order to induce floor plate formation and differentiation of motor neurons?

A) totipotent neural crest cells

B) ectoderm corresponding to optic vesicle

C) radial glial cells

D) notochord

d. notochord

The significance of the sulcus limitans is that it marks the boundary between the

A) alar and basal plates

B) gray and white matter in the brain

C) medulla and spinal cord

D) third and fourth ventricle

a. alar and basal plates

prenatal dietary supplementation with which vitamin has significantly decreased the incidence of neural tube defects?

a. iron

b. folic acid

c. vitamin C

d. vitamin A

b. folic acid

which of the following statements is TRUE regarding fate mapping experiments conducted on neural crest cells?

a. neural crest cells are fully committed and differentiated at the onset of emigration from the neuroectoderm

b. migrating neural crest cells receiving GGF2 (glial growth factor) will differentiate into sensory neurons seated in the dorsal root ganglia

c. commitment of neural crest cells to a particular cell line is partly controlled by genetic factors and partly controlled by extracellular signals encountered during migration

d. neural crest cells give rise to all neurons whose cell bodies are located in the adult brain and spinal cord

c. commitment of neural crest cells to a particular cell line is partly controlled by genetic factors and partly controlled by extracellular signals encountered during migration

absence of intramural ganglion cells in the enteric nerve plexus (Meissner & Auerbach plexuses) along variable lengths of the colon arises from faulty neural crest cell migration. this condition is called congenital aganglionic megacolon, but you can also call it...

a. Hirschsprung's disease

b. IBS

c. DiGeorge's syndrome

d. William's syndrome

a. Hirschsprung's disease