16 markers (paper 1)

Social influence:

Memory:

Attachment: describe + evaluate animal studies of attachment (AO1)

Attachment: describe + evaluate animal studies of attachment (AO3)

Clinical psychology: outline + evaluate statistical infrequency + deviation from social norms as definitions of abnormality AO1

• Definitions of abnormality → methods used to diagnose mental health disorders

• Statistical infrequency → any relatively usual behaviour/characteristic = normal → any behaviour different to this = abnormal ~ intellectual disability disorder

• Deviation from social norms → behaviour different to that accepted by community or society = abnormal → personal space, manners ~ antisocial personality disorder

Clinical psychology: outline + evaluate statistical infrequency + deviation from social norms as definitions of abnormality AO3

+ Statistical infrequency → real life application = used in diagnosis of intellectual disability disorder

- Counter → unusual characteristics can be positive ~ high IQ = desirable → not a comprehensive diagnostic definition

+ Deviation > SI → takes into account context not pure statistics ~ high IQ

- Negative connotations

• SI → if a person is happy + functioning = why label them?

• Deviation →enables human rights abuse ~ homosexuality

Clinical psychology: outline + evaluate failure to function adequately + deviation from ideal mental health as definitions of abnormality AO1

• Definitions of abnormality → methods used to diagnose mental health disorders

• Failure to function adequately → no longer cope with demands of everyday life = mental health disorder ~ basic hygiene

  • Rosenhan + Seligman signs to identify if someone is failing to function

  • ~ intellectual disability disorder

• Deviation from ideal mental health → focus on normal rather than abnormal

  • Jahoda’s criteria for good mental health + environmental mastery ~ cope with stress, independent from others

Clinical psychology: outline + evaluate failure to function adequately + deviation from ideal mental health as definitions of abnormality AO3

+ Failure to function → subjective experience = considers patient’s perspective = identifies those who need help not just a statistic ~ intellectual disability disorder

- Counter → subjectivity = even with scale to assess functioning, psychiatrist has to make a judgement ~ Freud

+ Deviation from ideal mental health → comprehensive = broad range of criteria

- Counter → cultural relativism = ethnocentric, reflects Western individualist values ~ less applicable to collectivist communal cultures

Clinical psychology: characteristics of phobias AO1

Clinical psychology: characteristics of phobias AO3

Clinical psychology: behavioural explanations of phobias AO1

Clinical psychology: behavioural explanations of phobias AO3

Clinical psychology: behavioural treatments of phobias AO1

Clinical psychology: behavioural treatments of phobias AO3

Clinical psychology: characteristics of depression AO1

Clinical psychology: characteristics of depression AO3

Clinical psychology: cognitive explanations of depression AO1

Clinical psychology: cognitive explanations of depression AO3

Clinical psychology: cognitive treatments of depression AO1

Clinical psychology: cognitive treatments of depression AO3

Clinical psychology: characteristics of OCD AO1

Clinical psychology: characteristics of OCD AO3

Clinical psychology: biological explanations of OCD AO1

Clinical psychology: biological explanations of OCD AO3

Clinical psychology: biological treatments of OCD AO1

Clinical psychology: biological treatments of OCD AO3