Researches on Various Contemporary Art Forms – Vocabulary Flashcards

These vocabulary flashcards cover key terms, figures, artifacts, styles, and periods from the Pre-Colonial era to Contemporary Philippine art, helping learners master essential concepts for their exam.

Pre-Colonial Art Period (6185 BC – 1520 AD)

The earliest phase of Philippine art, marked by stone tools, shell ornaments, petroglyphs, jade carvings, and ritual pottery created before foreign contact.

Paleolithic (Old Stone Age)

Era when the earliest human-made flake tools in the Philippines were produced, evidenced by finds in Cagayan dated 16,000-8,000 BC.

Espinosa Ranch Site, Cagayan

Archaeological location that yielded two 9-million-year-old flake tools—among the oldest man-made objects in the country.

Tabon Caves, Palawan

Cave complex where additional Paleolithic stone tools and the Manunggul burial jar were discovered.

Bolobok Cave, Tawi-Tawi

Site on Sanga-Sanga Island where prehistoric stone implements were found, affirming human activity in Mindanao.

Shell Bracelets and Pendants (Neolithic)

Ornaments fashioned from cone shells around 4854 BC, unearthed in Duyong Cave, Palawan—evidence of early jewelry making.

Angono Petroglyphs

The oldest known Philippine rock art (late Neolithic, c. 3000 BC) with 127 human and animal figures carved in Rizal Province.

Lingling-o

Crescent-shaped jade ear pendant (2000 BC–1000 AD) exemplifying Early Metal Age craftsmanship, notably found in Duyong Cave.

Manunggul Jar

Neolithic secondary-burial jar (890–710 BC) from Tabon Cave, featuring a boat-with-two-figures lid symbolizing the journey to the afterlife.

Maitum Jar

Anthropomorphic secondary-burial jar (Metal Age, 190 BC–500 AD) discovered in Ayub Cave, Sarangani; noted for human-like lids.

Baybayin

Ancient Tagalog syllabary derived from Brahmic scripts, used from the 16th century until late Spanish rule.

Okir

Maranao curvilinear motif of hardwood, metal, or wall designs featuring flowing and Arabic-inspired patterns dating from the 6th century CE.

Spanish Colonial Art Period

Era introducing formal painting, sculpture, and architecture influenced by Byzantine, Gothic, Baroque, and Rococo styles, largely religious in theme.

Byzantine Painting Style

Christian-oriented art of the Eastern Roman Empire characterized by gold backgrounds and iconic imagery, adopted in colonial Philippine church art.

Baroque

17th-century style using dramatic movement and ornate detail; Filipino example is Miagao Church with its exuberant façade.

Gothic Art

Medieval European style noted for pointed arches, stained glass, and illuminated manuscripts, influencing some colonial Filipino structures.

Filipino Classicism

19th-century art movement by ilustrados blending Neoclassicism, Romanticism, and Impressionism learned from European academies.

Damian Domingo

‘Father of Filipino Painting’; founder of Academia de Dibujo y Pintura (1821) and pioneer of tipos del país watercolor portraits.

Juan Luna

Revolutionary painter whose monumental canvas “Spoliarium” won gold at the 1884 Madrid Exposition of Fine Arts.

Felix Resurrección Hidalgo

19th-century Filipino Romantic painter acclaimed for “Las Virgenes Cristianas Expuestas al Populacho.”

Miniaturismo

Spanish-era painting style emphasizing meticulous depiction of costume embroidery and textures on small-scale figures.

Letras y Figuras

Art form blending letters of a patron’s name with human figures in everyday scenes against a common background.

American Colonial Art Period (1898–1946)

Phase when U.S. education promoted commercial illustration; genre, landscape, and still-life painting thrived alongside academic portraits.

Neoclassicism (Philippine Architecture)

Revival style using classical Greek-Roman forms, seen in civic buildings like Manila City Hall during the American period.

Art Deco

Stylized, geometric 1920s–30s design movement evident in Philippine structures such as the Metropolitan Theater.

Fabian de la Rosa

Leading genre painter after Luna, celebrated for realistic rural scenes like “In the Rice Field.”

Fernando Amorsolo

First National Artist (1972); master of light whose Impressionistic rural idylls and portraits define Philippine visual identity.

Guillermo Tolentino

National Artist for Sculpture (1973), known for the “Bonifacio Monument” and UP’s “Oblation,” earning the title ‘Father of Philippine Arts.’

Triumvirate of Philippine Modern Art

Victorio Edades, Carlos ‘Botong’ Francisco, and Galo B. Ocampo—pioneers who introduced modernist styles before World War II.

Thirteen Moderns

Group of artists (Edades, Francisco, Ocampo, H. Ocampo, Legaspi, Lorenzo, Manansala, Magsaysay-Ho, et al.) who advanced Philippine Modernism.

Philippine Modern Art

1946-1970 period featuring abstraction, expressionism, constructivism, and other Western-inspired styles adapted to local themes.

Postmodern Art

Art movement challenging modernist ideals through intermedia, installation, conceptual works, and video—active locally in the 1970s-80s.

Social Realism (Philippines)

Politically charged art of the martial-law era critiquing social injustices through figurative, often gritty imagery.

Philippine Contemporary Art

1980s–present phase marked by digital media, revivals of past styles, and globalized, multidisciplinary practices.

Altermodernism

Current artistic approach seeking new modernity through cultural translation and resistance to globalization’s standardization.