pre-ib history 10 - thirteen colonies
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93 Terms
What was the headwright system?
Each new settler received 50 acres + another 50 acres per head for each individual immigrant whose passage they paid for
Which company facilitated the settlement of Virginia?
West Virginia Company
What was the House of Burgesses?
first representative assembly in America
What was the ratio of men to women in the beginning in Virginia?
6:1
In Virginia, what % of servants did not survive till the end of their indenture?
40%
What was the result of the headwright system reforms?
More settlers, tobacco boom, higher mortality
Who was the Powhatan leader who lead the attack on Virginia settlers in 1622?
Opechancanough
How many times does Opechancanough attack the white settlers?
2
What does James do after the first Native attack on Virginia?
Virginia company dissolved, Virginia becomes a royal colony
Why did mortality rates level out after tobacco became less profitable?
People began growing more food (corn, cattle)
Who were the proprietors of Maryland?
The Calverts
Why did Virginia dislike Maryland?(2 reasons)
Calverts were Catholic (Virginia was Protestant)
Maryland created more competition
What were the Navigation Acts? Who established them?
established trade taxes and restrictions
Charles II
What caused unrest in the Chesapeake?
Navigation acts & low tobacco prices
Who was the person who turned on Gov. William Berkley and burned Jamestown?
Nathaniel Bacon
How did Bacon die?
dysentery
Which colony was affected by Bacon's revolt?
Virginia
Who rebelled against the Calverts?
Coode
Was Coode successful?
Yes; he kidnapped the gov. and took him to England; the crown revoked the charter
Which colony was affected by Coode's rebellion?
Maryland
In the Caribbean, the _________ outnumbered the ____________ (White settlers/slaves)
slaves; white settlers
The _______________ was a prelude to the Carolinas
Caribbean
Who founded the Carolinas?
William Berkeley and Sir John Colleton (joint proprietors)
What year was North Carolina set off as a separate colony?
1701
What did North Carolina produce?
masts, pitch, tar, turpentine
Who created Charlestown (city in South Carolina)
Sir Anthony Ashley Cooper, earl of Shaftesbury
How many rebellions occurred in North Carolina between 1977 and 1711?
3
What was South Carolina's cash crop?
rice -- made the Carolinas the richest colony in North America
There was a large % of immigrants from ___________ in the Carolinas
Barbados
The Carolinas were very diverse (true/false)
True
Which two tribes allied and attacked the Carolina settlers?
Yamasee and Creek
What saved the Carolina settlers?
alliance with Cherokee tribe
Minority religions opposed the attemot to make _________________ (type of Christianity) official in the Carolinas
Anglicanism
Why did the crown revoke the proprietary charter of South Carolina?
unrest, opposition against the proprietors
What was the proportion of slaves to colonists in South Carolina?
2:1
______________ codes were established in South Carolina because of the large amount of slaves.
slave
Who was the founder of Georgia?
James Oglethorpe
Who did Oglethorpe want to create Georgia for?
the "worthy poor"
Who gave Oglethorpe a charter? For how long was the charter going to last?
George II; 21 years
If settlers wanted to move to Georgia, what were they given?
passage to Georgia, 50 acres, supplies for a year
Georgia was very diverse (true/false)
True
Georgia was meant to be a utopia for what type of farmers?
small farmers
What were some restrictions in Georgia?
farmers could not own more than 500 acres
No slavery
No hard liquor
Why were the restrictions in Georgia revoked?
Mounting opposition, the colony was getting depopulated (people were moving away)
What was Georgia's economy based on?
Rice and trade w/ Native Americans
3 characteristics of the southern colonies
single staple crop
dependence on slaves
repressive slave codes
Why did settlers avoid New England in the beginning? (2 reasons)
cold
no commodities
2 types of Calvinists and what was different between the two
Presbytarians -- kept a church hierarchy
Congregationalists -- authority was with the congregation itself
What did the separatists believe?
The Anglican church was too far gone -- wanted to abandon the Anglican church and create their own faith
What type of Puritans were the Pilgrims?
separatists
In 1608, where did the Pilgrims flee to?
Holland
Which colony did the Pilgrims want to go to? How did they end up in New England instead?
Virginia; mistakes and bad navigation
How did the Pilgrims survive in New England?
The Wampanoag tribe helped them
Plymouth was a royal colony (true/false)
False
Who founded the Massachusetts Bay Company?
Puritan leaders
Who was the governor of the Puritans?
Winthrop
What was different about the settlers in New England communities?
They were skilled and they arrived in families
What was significant about New England's life expectancy?
70 yrs average life expectancy -- most better than the other colonies
What other 3 places received charters from Charles II for MA Bay colonists?
Rhode Island, New Hampshire, and Connecticut
What was New England's cash crop?
No cash crop -- mostly subsistence farming
Colonial governments had a ______________ legislature
bicameral
What was unusual about Marblehead as compared to most of New England?
major economic powerhouse
colonists were single men
didn't have a church for 50 yrs
Who was the powerful family in Springfield, MA?
Pynchon family
Why did New England leaders tolerate Springfield and Marblehead
Economic reasons
Who founded Connecticut
Hooker
Who founded New Haven?
Strict congregationalists
Who founded Rhode Island?
Roger Williams
Why was Williams denounced by the Anglican Church?
He was a separatist
English allied with the _____________ tribe to destroy the Pequots
Narragansett
Who was the Wampanoag leader who waged a major war against the English? What did the English call him?
Why did he fail?
Metacom
King Phillip
Faced food shortages, and the Abenaki and Iroquois tribes refused to help
Which company founded New Netherlands?
Dutch West India Company
What happened to New Netherlands when the Dutch West India Company went bankrupt?
James, Duke of York, was given proprietary charter by Charles II and took over New Netherlands (renamed it New York)
Why was New York low in population?
political strife deterred immigration
Who founded Pennsylvania and why?
William Penn; refuge for Quakers
What was the name of the native tribe in Pennsylvania?
Leni Lenapes
What did Pennsylvanian farmers grow?
Wheat (sold to Caribbean)
Philadelphia was the ______________ for British North America
commercial and cultural center
List the Mid-Atlantic colonies
Delaware, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania
List the Southern colonies
Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia
List the New England colonies
Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Connecticut, Rhode Island