Chapter 7 Test Review
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25 Terms
trial court
the first court to hear a criminal or civil case; also known as District Courts at the federal level.
criminal case
a court case involving a crime, or violation of public order
civil case
a case involving the rights of citizens; usually involving money or property
Judicial Review
The power of the courts to declare laws unconstitutional
Federal Court System
The three-tiered structure of federal courts, comprising U.S. district courts, U.S. courts of appeal, and the U.S. Supreme Court.
Court of Appeals
a court that hears appeals of trial (district) court decisions
verdict
the decision of a jury
constitutional
allowed by the constitution
Supreme Court
the highest federal court in the United States
State Court System
Deals with disputes about state laws
jury trial
A trial consisting of a judge and a jury.
bench trial
A trial in which the judge alone hears the case
evidence
used to help prove the case (i.e. eyewitness, DNA, etc.)
appeal
ask a higher court to review the decision of a case from a lower court
Jurisdiction
The authority of a court to hear a case
remand
to send a case back to a lower court to be tried again
subpoena
a court order requiring appearance and/or testimony
district courts
the lowest federal courts; federal trials can be held only here
objection
a lawyer's protest about a question asked to a witness by the opposing lawyer; judge rules on the protest
Plaintiff
a person who brings a case against another in a court of law.
Defendant
an individual or group being sued or charged with a crime
Plessy v. Ferguson
a 1896 Supreme Court decision which legalized segregation so long as the facilities for blacks and whites were equal "Separate but Equal" became legal.
Miranda v. Arizona
Supreme Court held that criminal suspects must be informed of their rights to remain silent and right to a lawyer.
Tinker v. Des Moines
The case that ruled that students do not lose Constitutional rights when they entered the building but they can be limited if they cause a disruption.
Brown v. Board of Education
1954 case that overturned Separate but Equal standard of discrimination in education. This made segregation illegal.