Biostats 2

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26 Terms

1
Regression line
A straight line that summarizes the linear relationship between two numeric variables.
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2
Coefficient of determination
Describes the proportion of variation in y that can be explained by ŷ.
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3
Confounded variables
More than 1 as a group, their effect on the response cannot be distinguished.
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4
Lurking Variables
Individual Listings (ex. diet, lifestyle) that may affect the response variable but are not included in the analysis.
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5
Sampling design
Describes how a sample is obtained from the population.
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6
Statistical
We use these samples to draw conclusions about the population.
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7
Simple Random Sampling (SRS)
A method in which every sample of size has an equal chance to be drawn.
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8
Stratified Sampling
When the population is separated into groups that have a common characteristic called strata.
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9
Strata
Subgroups within a population that are separated based on a common characteristic.
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10
Cluster Sampling
Separates the population into groups in some natural way.
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11
Clusters
Subgroups within a population that are separated.
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12
Multistage Sampling
Takes a SRS from another SRS.
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13
Systematic Sampling
Has individuals lined up in some way, picks a random starting point, and also adds every kth individual after.
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14
Poor Sampling Designs
Convenience Sampling and Voluntary Response Sampling.
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15
Convenience Sampling
Takes individuals who are easily accessible (no clear method).
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16
Voluntary Response Sampling
Allows individuals to choose whether or not they participate.
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17
Normal Distribution
Have the same general shape, defined by two values: mean and standard deviation.
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18
M (Mean)
Determines the location; smaller in the blue curve.
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19
O (Standard Deviation)
Determines the spread/flatness; smaller in the blue curve because more of the data is close to the mean (less spread).
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20
Proportion or probability
The area under the normal distribution curve is 1.
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21
Empirical Rule
68%, 95%, 99% rule for normal distribution.
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22
68%
Data are within 1 standard deviation of the mean.
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23
95%
Data are within 2 standard deviations of the mean.
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24
99%
Data are within 3 standard deviations of the mean.
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25
Impossible
A probability of 0.
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26
Guaranteed
A probability of 1.
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