Rad Tech Procedures Final Exam

Define ionizing radiation

type of radiation that that is capable of removing or orbital electron from the atom which it interacts

What is the name of the structure that serves as a common passageway for both food and air?

Pharynx

A projection in which the CR skims a body part is termed:

tangential

Which of the following is classified as a sellar joint?

Ankle joint

A patient is erect facing the image receptor. The left side of the body is turned 45° toward the image receptor. The CR enters the posterior aspect of the body and exits the anterior. What is this radiographic position?

LAO

A patient is lying on her back facing the x-ray tube. The right side of her body is turned 20° toward the image receptor. What is this radiographic position?

RPO (right posterior oblique)

What is the correct anatomic name for the Adam's apple?

Laryngeal prominence

The internal prominence or ridge in which the trachea bifurcates into the right and left bronchi is termed the:

carina

What type of projection is created with the CR directed along or parallel to the long axis of the body?

Axial

What is the name of the small oval-shaped bone found in tendons?

Sesamoid bones

What is the primary center for bone growth termed?

Diaphysis

Examples of "flat" bones are the:

calvaria, ribs, scapulae, and sternum

Which of the following is a secondary growth center for endochondral ossification?

Epiphyses

True or False: The lobes of the lung are separated by fissures

True

Which of the following is NOT a functional classification of joints?

Cartilaginous

Which term describes the back or posterior aspect of the hand?

Dorsum manus

How many bones are there in the adult axial skeleton?

80 bones

The right lobe contains how many lobes?

3 lobes

Which aspect of the long bones is responsible for the production of red blood cells?

Spongy or cancellous bone

A patient is erect with the left side directly against the image receptor. The central ray (CR) enters the right side of the body. What is this radiographic position?

Left lateral

Which of the following bones is classified as a short bone?

Carpal (wrist bones)

Moving the foot and toes downward is:

plantar flexion

True or false: Motion of the patient's diaphragm can be stopped by providing proper breathing instructions.

True

True or False: The term gastro refers to the intestine

True

Which aspect of the small intestine is considered the shortest?

Duodenum

Which aspect of the large intestine is found between the left and right colic flexures?

Transverse colon

Which of the following organs is NOT considered an accessory organ for digestion?

Kidney

Why is the right kidney usually lower in the abdomen than the left kidney?

Presence of the liver

What is the name of the double-walled tissue that lines the abdominopelvic cavity?

Peritoneum

What is another common term for the greater omentum?

Fatty apron

In which of the four major quadrants of the abdomen would the cecum be found?

Right lower quadrant

Which term describes an abnormal accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity of the abdomen?

Ascites

What type of respiration should be employed during the exposure for the anteroposterior (AP) kidneys, ureter, and bladder (KUB) abdomen projection?

Expiration

The iliac crest corresponds with the ____ vertebral level.

L4-5

A patient comes to radiology with a clinical history of a possible abdominal aortic aneurysm. Which of the following abdominal projections would best demonstrate this condition?

Dorsal decubitus

An ileus is the formal term for:

bowel obstruction.

True or False: The most common type of involuntary motion in the abdomen is peristalsis.

True

Which of the following muscles should be demonstrated on a well-exposed abdomen projection on an average size patient?

Psoas major

Which of the following solid organs is the largest found in the abdomen?

Liver

What are the 9 regions of the abdomen?

1) Right Hypochondriac Region
2) Epigastric Region
3) Left Hypochondriac Region
4) Right Lumbar Region
5) Umbilical Region
6) Left Lumbar Region
7) Right Iliac Region
8) Hypogastric Region
9) Left Iliac Region

Match the following abdominal topographic landmarks with the corresponding veterbral levels: T9-T10

Xiphoid process

Match the following abdominal topographic landmarks with the corresponding veterbral levels: L2-L3

Inferior costal margin

Match the following abdominal topographic landmarks with the corresponding veterbral levels: L4-L5

Illiac crest

True or False: The central ray enters at the iliac crest for an upright KUB.

False

True or False: The peritoneal cavity is located between the visceral peritoneum and the parietal peritoneum.

True

Select the organs that are retroperitoneal (select ALL that apply)

* Ascending colon
* Pancreas
* Inferior vena cava

Select the organs that are Infraperitoneal (select ALL that apply):

* Bladder
* Lower rectum

List the four abdominal quadrants:

Right upper quadrant Left upper quadrant
Right lower quadrant Left lower quadrant

Which of the following abdominal regions would contain the right colic flexure?

Right lateral lumbar

True or False: The terms 'colon' and 'large intestines' are interchangable.

False

Which of the following organs is an accessory organ for the digestive system?

* Liver
* Pancreas
* Spleen
* Gallbladder

True or False: The AP abdomen for the obese patient often requires two separate exposures with the IR placed landscape.

True

A patient comes to radiology with a clinical history of pneumoperitoneum. The patient is able to stand and lie recumbent. Which one of the following projections will best demonstrate the severity of this condition?

AP erect abdomen

Which of the following conditions can produce a dynamic bowel obstruction?

* Fibrous adhesions
* Crohn's disease
* Intussusception

A patient comes to radiology with possible bleeding within the abdomen. The patient is unable to stand or sit for any projections. Which of the following projections would be most effective in demonstrating fluid within the abdomen for this patient?

Left lateral decubitus

Ileus is the formal term for:

intestinal obstruction

A radiograph of an anteroposterior (AP) abdomen demonstrates elongation (widening) of the left iliac wing and narrowing of the right iliac wing. Which one of the following positioning errors produced this radiographic outcome?

Rotation to the left (left posterior oblique)

Where must the CR be centered for an AP supine projection of the abdomen as part of the acute abdominal series?

level of iliac crest

Where is the CR centered for the AP erect projection of the abdomen?

2 inches (5 cm) above iliac crest

At what level should the central ray (CR) be placed for a left lateral decubitus projection of the abdomen?

2 inches (5 cm) above iliac crest

In which peritoneal compartment is the spleen located?

Intraperitoneum

Why is the right kidney usually lower in the abdomen than the left kidney?

Presence of the liver

How many separate bones are found in the adult human body

206

Which of the following bones is part of the axial skeleton?

Sternum

How many bones are there in the adult axial skeleton?

80

What is the name of the small oval-shaped bone found in tendons?

sesamoid bones

Which of the following bones is classified as a long bone?

humerus

What is the name of the dense fibrous membrane that covers bone?

periosteum

Which of the following bones is classified as a short bone?

carpal (wrist) bones

Which of the following is a secondary growth center for endochondral ossification?

epiphyses

Which aspect of the long bones is responsible for the production of red blood cells?

spongy or cancellous bone

Examples of "flat" bones are the:

calvaria, ribs, scapulae, and sternum.

What is the primary center for bone growth termed?

diaphysis

Which of the following is NOT a functional classification of joints?

cartilaginous

The structural term for a freely movable joint is:

synovial

Which of the following joints is NOT a synovial joint?

skull suture

An upright position with the arms abducted, palms forward, and head forward describes the _____ position.

anatomic

The vertical plane that divides the body into right and left halves describes the _____ plane.

median or midsagittal

A longitudinal plane that divides the body into equal anterior and posterior parts is the _____ plane.

midcoronal

Which of the following terms describes the sole of the foot?

plantar

Which term describes the back or posterior aspect of the hand?

dorsum manus

True or False: A lateromedial projection is one in which the lateral aspect of the anatomy part is closest to the image receptor (IR).

False

A position in which the head is lower than the feet is:

Trendelenburg

Which term describes lying down in any position?

recumbent

A recumbent oblique position in which the patient is lying on the left anterior side rotated anteriorly, with the right knee and thigh flexed is termed:

Sims' position (or modified Sims')

A patient is lying on her back facing the x-ray tube. The right side of her body is turned 20° toward the image receptor. What is this radiographic position?

RPO (right posterior oblique)

Movement of an arm or leg toward the midline

adduction

An inward stress movement of foot

inversion

Near the source or the beginning

proximal

A CR angle away from the head end

caudad

Increasing the angle of a joint

extension

Movement of an arm or leg away from the midline

abduction

Decrease angle between foot and lower leg

dorsiflexion

Turn or bend hand and wrist toward radius

radial deviation

Rotation of hand with palm down

pronation

A patient is erect with the left side directly against the image receptor. The central ray (CR) enters the right side of the body. What is this radiographic position?

left lateral

A patient is lying on her back. The x-ray tube is horizontally directed with the CR entering the right side of the body. The image receptor is adjacent to the left side of the body. What is the radiographic position?

Dorsal decubitus

A patient is erect facing the image receptor. The left side of the body is turned 45° toward the image receptor. The CR enters the posterior aspect of the body and exits the anterior. What is this radiographic position?

LAO

What type of projection is created with the CR directed along or parallel to the long axis of the body?

axial

A projection in which the CR skims a body part is termed:

tangential