Musculoskeletal System overall vocabulary terms Turano

periosteum

outermost layer of the bone, made up of fibrous tissue

compact bone

dense, hard layers of bone tissue that lie underneath the periosteum

endosteum

membranous lining of the hollow cavity of the bone

diaphysis

shaft of the long bones

epiphysis

end of each long bone

yellow marrow

soft, fatty material found in the medullary cavity of long bones

maxilla

upper jawbone

mandible

lower jawbone

vertebral column

made up of bones called vertebrae or vertebra though which the spinal cord runs. The vertebral column protects the spinal cord, supports the head, and provides the point of attachment for fibs and muscles

sacrum

next five vertebrae, which fuse together to form a triangular bone positioned between the two hip bones

coccyx

four vertebrae fused together to form the tailbone

clavicle

collarbone

scapula

shoulder blade

sternum

breast bone

humerus

upper arm bone

carpal bones

wrist bones

metacarpal bones

hand bones

ilium

upper, wing-shaped part on each side

femur

upper leg bone

patella

kneecap

metatarsal bones

foot bones

articular cartilage

smooth layer of firm, fibrous tissue covering the contacting surface joints

bursa

fluid-filled sac that allows for easy movement of one part of a joint over another

ligament

flexible, tough band of fibrous connective tissue that attaches one bone to another at a joint

aponeurosis

strong sheet of tissue that acts as a tendon to attach muscles to bone

skeletal muscles (striated muscles)

attached to bones by tendons and make body movement possible. Skeletal muscles produce action by pulling and by working in pairs. They are also known as voluntary muscles because we have control over these muscles

abduction

movement of drawing away from the middle

roation

turning around its own axis

carp/o

carpals (wrist bones)

cost/o

rib

mandibul/o

mandible (lower jawbone)

spondyl/o , vertebr/o

vertebra

stern/o

sternum (breastbone)

arthr/o

joint

chondro/o

cartilage

ten/o

tend/o

tendin/o

tendon

ankyl/o

crooked, stiff, bent

kinesi/o

movement, motion

kyph/o

hump

myel/o

bone marrow

oste/o

bone

scoli/o

crooked, curved

inter-

between

sym-, syn-

together, joined

-asthenia

weakness

-clasia

-clasis

-clast

break

-physis

growth

-schisis

split, fissure

ankylosis

abnormal condition of stiffness

cranioschisis

fissure of the skull

fibromyalgia

pain in the fibrous tissues and muscles

myasthenia

muscle weakness

myeloma

tumor of the bone marrow

osteitis

inflammation of the bone

osteofibroma

tumor of the bone and fibrous tissue

osteomyelitis

inflammation of the bone and bone marrow

rhabdomyolysis

dissolution of striated muscle

tendinitis

inflammation of a tendon

bunion

abnormal enlarment of the joint at the bast of the great toe. It is a common problem, often hereditary or caused by poorly fitted shoes

Lyme disease

an infection caused by a bacteria carried by deer ticks and trasmitted to humans by the bite of an infected tick

spondylolisthesis

forward slipping of one vertebra over another

arthrocentesis

surgical puncture of a joint to aspirate fluid

chondroplasty

surgical repair of a cartilage

myorrhaphy

suture of a muscle

osteoclasis

(surgical) breaking of a bone (to correct a deformity)

phalangectomy

excision of a finger or toe bone

rachiotomy

incision into the vertevral collumn

spondylosyndesis

fusing together of the vertebrae (spinal fusion)

arthropgraphy

radiographic imaging of a joint (with contrast media)

arthroscopy

visual examination of a joint (used for diarthrodial [movable] joint)

carpal

pertaining to the wrist

dyskinesia

difficult movement

femoral

pertaining to the femur

humeral

pertaining to the humerus

hyperkinesia

excessive movement (overactive)

osteoblast

developing bone (cell)

osteonecrosis

abnormal death of bone (tissues)

subcostal

pertaning to below the rib

symphysis

growing together

vertebrocostal

pertaining to the vertebrae and ribs

chiropodist

podiatrist

specialist in treaint and diagnosing diseases and disorders of the foot, including medical and surgical treatment

chiropractic

system of therapy that consists of manipulation of the vertebral column

crepitus

the cracking sound heard when two bones rub against each other or grating caused by rubbing together of dry surfaces of a joint

orthopedics (ortho)

branch of medicine dealing with the study and treatment of diseases and abnormalities of the musculoskeletal system

orthopedist

physician who specializes in orthopedics

Cervical vertebrae

C1-C7

Electromyogram

EMG

Muscular dystrophy

MD

Rheumatoid arthritis

RA

Total hip arthroplasty

THA

tenomyoplasty

surgical repair of the tendon and muscle

stapedial

The innermost of the three small bones of the middle eart

tenomyoplasty

surgical repair of the tendon and muscle

spondylosis

abnormal condition of the vertabrae

lumbar

third set of five larger vertabrae L1 to L5

supination

movement that turns the palm up