CHPT 7-Immunity canvas ppt

Flashcards based on lecture notes about the immune system.

What are the two types of immune responses?

Nonspecific and Specific

Name four lymphoid structures.

Lymph nodes, Spleen, Tonsils, Intestinal lymphoid tissue

Where do all immune cells originate?

Bone marrow

What is the role of the thymus in the immune system?

Maturation of T lymphocytes

What is the purpose of MHC proteins?

Label cells of the individual as 'self'

What type of substances are antigens usually?

Exogenous

What is the primary function of macrophages?

Engulf foreign material and display antigens

What is the role of T lymphocytes in immunity?

Directly kill infected cells (cell-mediated immunity)

Which cells are responsible for producing antibodies?

B lymphocytes

What is humoral immunity?

Antibodies are produced to protect the body (B cells)

Which immunoglobulin is most common in blood and associated with memory cells?

IgG

Which immunoglobulin increases first in an immune response?

IgM

Which immunoglobulin is involved in allergic responses?

IgE

What is the role of the complement system?

Causes cell damage and further inflammation when activated

What is the term for when the immune system ignores self-antigens?

Tolerance

What is innate immunity?

Gene-specific immunity related to ethnicity

How long does it take for antibody titer to reach efficacy in a primary response?

1 to 2 weeks

What is natural active immunity?

Pathogens enter body and cause illness; antibodies form in host

What is artificial passive immunity?

Antibodies injected into person (antiserum) to provide temporary protection or minimize severity of infection

What is herd immunity?

Protection from infection due to a high percentage of immune individuals in a population

Define emerging infectious diseases.

Newly identified in a population

What is bioterrorism?

Biological agents used to attack civilians and/or military personnel

List the types of tissue and organ transplant rejection.

Hyperacute, Acute, and Chronic/Late

Name three commonly used immunosuppressant drugs.

Cyclosporine, azathioprine, prednisone

What is Type I hypersensitivity?

Allergic reactions (IgE)

What is a complication of Type I hypersensitivity?

Anaphylaxis

What causes decreased blood pressure in anaphylaxis?

Release of histamine

How does Type II cytotoxic hypersensitivity work?

IgGs react with antigen, destruction by phagocytosis or cytolytic enzymes

What are the types of graft?

Xenograft / Alograft / Autograft

Describe Type III immune complex hypersensitivity.

Antigen combines with antibody, forms immune complexes, deposited in tissue, activates complement system

What is Type IV cell-mediated hypersensitivity?

Delayed response by sensitized T lymphocytes

What are autoantibodies?

Antibodies formed against self-antigens—loss of self-tolerance.

What is a characteristic symptom of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)?

Butterfly rash

What type of hypersensitivity is SLE?

Type III

What is the main effect of SLE?

Inflammation and necrosis due to immune complex deposition

What are primary immunodeficiencies?

Basic developmental failure somewhere in the immune system

What causes AIDS?

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

What cells does HIV destroy?

Helper T cells—CD4 lymphocytes

What is a retrovirus?

Virus that uses RNA as its genetic material and reverse transcriptase to replicate

How is HIV typically transmitted?

Bodily fluids (e.g., blood, semen, vaginal fluids)

What are some generalized effects of HIV?

Lymphadenopathy, fatigue, weakness, headache, arthralgia

What is a primary cause of death in AIDS patients?

Secondary infections

Name a cancer often associated with AIDS.

Kaposi sarcoma