1 Introduction 1.1 Transnationalism and the Transnational Families

The link between migrant and migrant‐background populations and spaces of origin and heritage across national boundaries has been theorised through the concept of transnationalism in recent migration research (cf. Schiller et al., 1992, 1995).

近年来，跨国研究通过跨国主义概念，将移民及其背景人群与跨越国界的原籍地和传统空间之间的联系理论化（参见Schiller等人，1992，1995）。

Transnationalism moves away from the binaries of old world vs new world or home country vs host country and instead considers transnationals’ fluid, multiple, complex, hybrid and multilayered linkages and interconnections as varied and intricate (Basch et al., 2020; Gardner, 2012; Lam & Warriner, 2012).

跨国主义摒弃了旧世界与新世界、母国与东道国的二元对立，而是将跨国界人士之间流动、多元、复杂、混合和多层次的联系与互联视为千差万别且错综复杂（Basch等人，2020；Gardner，2012；Lam & Warriner，2012）。

Individuals who move across national borders are referred to as transnationals (Levitt, 2001). Against this background, transnational families can be defined as families that live some or most of the time separated from their countries of origin yet remain united, creating a sense of collective welfare and unity, or ‘familyhood’ (Bryceson & Vuorela, 2002, p. 3).

跨越国界的个人被称为跨国人士（Levitt，2001）。在此背景下，跨国家庭可以定义为部分或大部分时间远离原籍国，但仍保持团结，从而产生一种集体福祉和团结感，或“家庭情谊”（Bryceson & Vuorela，2002，第3页）的家庭。

Accordingly, the term ‘transnational families’ is used throughout this study instead of ‘migrant families’. The study examines transnational families, defined here as families in which individuals navigate national, cultural and linguistic boundaries.

因此，本研究通篇使用“跨国家庭”一词，而非“移民家庭”。本研究考察的是跨国家庭，其定义为个人跨越国家、文化和语言界限的家庭。

Given the increasingly diverse configurations of transnational families, it is important to acknowledge the range of family forms that arise from differing migratory experiences and intergenerational relationships.

鉴于跨国家庭的构成日益多样化，认识到由不同的移民经历和代际关系所催生的各种家庭形式至关重要。本研究概述了几种不同类型的跨国家庭，每种类型都具有独特的移民背景和文化动态。

These include first-generation families, 1.5-generation families, second-generation families, families engaged in onward transnational migration, intermarriage families and intercultural families. Recognising the heterogeneity of these family structures is essential to understanding how transnational families negotiate heritage language (HL) maintenance, identity construction and the transmission of cultural values across generations.

这些类型包括第一代家庭、一代半家庭、第二代家庭、继续跨国移民的家庭、跨文化通婚家庭和跨​​文化家庭。认识到这些家庭结构的异质性，对于理解跨国家庭如何协调传统语言（HL）的维护、身份建构以及跨代文化价值观的传承至关重要。

Through the categorisation of these family types, this study seeks to offer a nuanced exploration of how varied familial contexts shape language practices – with particular attention to multilingual settings within the UK.

本研究通过对这些家庭类型的分类，力求细致探究不同的家庭背景如何影响语言实践，尤其关注英国的多语言环境。