Comparative Study of Social Sciences and Humanities in Arts and Culture

Focus of Social Sciences

Attempt to see human beings in the mass, as subjects for generalizations, their behavior being a fit subject for prediction.

Focus of Humanities

More concerned with the individual, especially with unique creations of the individual imagination, which we call works of art.

Approach of Social Sciences

"Scientific approach" - Application of an empirical, rational, and objective methodology to present the "facts."

Approach of Humanities

"Philosophical approach" - Application of an interpretative methodology to render something meaningful for others.

Function of Social Sciences

To analyze, explain, and possibly predict human behavior (as groups and/or individuals) and to generate and produce new knowledge (factual information).

Function of Humanities

To better appreciate the meaning and purpose of the human, to reveal wisdom, to better explore and address the "big questions," and meet the challenges in the human condition.

Study Areas of Social Sciences

Anthropology, Archaeology, Economics, Linguistics, Political Science, Psychology, Sociology, Statistics.

Study Areas of Humanities

Architecture, Art, Film, History, History of Art, Language and Literature, Music, Philosophy, Religious Studies.

Definition of Humanities

Humanities generally means art, literature, music, and the theater - areas in which human values and individual expressiveness are celebrated.

Distinguishing Feature of Humanities

The humanities engage both the intellectual and intuitive, emotional selves.

Steps of the Artistic Process

Artist interacts with an experience or a subject. The artist translates the interaction into a medium. The elements of the medium are used to produce the finished work.

Delight in the Arts

We are delighted in the arts through our senses. With knowledge of how the artistic process works, our enjoyment can increase in two levels: Understanding and Feeling.

Definition of Art

Art is derived from the Latin word "ars" meaning ability or skill. Art, or 'Sining,' is the expression of human creativity, encompassing various forms such as visual arts, music, performance. It transcends mere aesthetics, engaging all physical senses to create meaningful experiences.

Functions of Arts

Personal: Expression, communication, and relaxation. Physical: Tools, containers, or shelter. Social: For influencing other people (moral, spiritual, political, cultural, economic, and educational influence). Art is man-made.

Social

For influencing other people (moral, spiritual, political, cultural, economic, and educational influence).

Art

Art is man-made. It is the imitation of nature. Art is beauty. It provides aesthetic pleasure.

Nature of Arts

Art is experience. It tells of physical, emotional, intellectual, and spiritual experiences. There can be no appreciation of art without experience. Experience is personal or individual, accompanied by emotions or emotional reaction.

Scope of Arts

According to Purpose: Practical/Useful Arts: Directed to produce artifacts and utensils for the satisfaction of human needs. Liberal Arts: Directed toward intellectual growth. Fine Arts: Focused towards creative activity for the contemplation of the mind and uplift of the spirit. According to Media and Forms: Major Arts: Painting, architecture, sculpture, literature, music, and dance (involves actual and potential expressiveness). Minor Arts: Decorative arts, popular arts, graphic arts, plastic arts, industrial arts. Plastic Arts: Developed through space and perceived by the sense of sight. Kinetic Arts: Shows element rhythm. Phonetic Arts: Sounds and words as media of expression. Pure Arts: Take only one medium of expression like sound in music and color in painting. Mixed Arts: Take more than one medium, such as the opera which combines music, poetry, and drama.

Contemporary Arts in the Philippines

Contemporary art generally refers to art created from the 1970s onwards to the present day. Revolves around the artist's feelings and aims to focus the message on the audience. Diverse in materials, media, and style. Not bounded by any rule or standard, presenting a challenge for artists.

Development of Art in the Philippines

Philippine art forms encompass a wide array of expressions, including sculpture, painting, dance, and music, intricately linked to the country's diverse cultural heritage. Each region contributes its unique styles and traditions to this artistic mosaic.

Categories of Philippine Art Forms

A. Visual Arts B. Applied Arts C. Performing Arts and Others

Visual Arts

Art that uses any medium to represent an artist's idea, emotion, or imagination, aiming to entice the viewer. An expression of artistic ideas through images, structures, and tactile work. Some visual artworks are integrated, combining several media to create a new and unique artwork. Examples: Drawing: Representation of form or object by hand using pencil, pen, charcoal, etc. (e.g., Petroglyphs of Angono in Rizal). Painting: Using paint or pigments to create a picture for protection or decoration (e.g., Juan Luna's 'Spoliarium'). Sculpture: Three-dimensional art form using materials like clay, stone, or wood (e.g., 'Oblation' by Guillermo Tolentino). Calligraphy (Lettering): The art of writing letters to be visually appealing (e.g., Alibata/Baybayin).

Photography

The art of producing an image on photographic film (e.g., Jose Rizal's execution captured by Manuel Arias Rodriguez).

Applied Arts

Art with practical application and functionality, not just display.

Architecture

The art of designing and constructing buildings (e.g., Cultural Center of the Philippines).

Fashion Design

The art of designing aesthetically pleasing and functional apparel (e.g., evolution from traditional garments like 'bahag' and 'baro't saya').

Pottery

One of the oldest decorative arts, producing useful objects like vessels (e.g., Manunggul Jar of Palawan).

Jewelry Design

Involves designing intricate pieces from various materials (e.g., pieces inspired by the sampaguita flower, sun symbols, and intricate filigree work).

Interior Design

The art of planning the design layout and style of an architectural space (e.g., International Convention Center - PICC).

Performing Arts

The most entertaining form of art, performed in front of an audience.

Dance

Purposefully selected sequences of human movement (e.g., religious dances like 'Subli' and 'Sinulog,' social dances like ballroom dancing).

Music

Combines vocal or instrumental sounds to create compositions (e.g., traditional 'kundiman' and 'harana,' Original Pinoy Music - OPM, and famous Filipino singers).

Literary Arts

The art form of language where words are tools, an expression of ideas through writing (e.g., Jose Rizal's novels 'Noli Me Tángere' and 'El Filibusterismo').

Poetry

An ancient form of literature known for its imaginative and figurative language. It can follow strict rules (like sonnets) or be free verse.

Prose

Imaginative literary works not written in figurative language, typically forming complete narratives (e.g., short stories and novels). Essentially, any literary piece that isn't poetry.

Drama

Texts written specifically for performance, commonly known as plays.

Theater and Film

Art forms that use stories to capture imagination and entertain (e.g., 'Cenaculo' and 'Moro-Moro' - historical plays, recognition of outstanding Filipino actors and actresses in film production).

Significance of Philippine Arts

Philippine arts remain significant as they reflect the ongoing evolution of the Filipino identity.

Cultural Diversity

They underscore the richness of cultural diversity and engage both local and global audiences through relatable themes in contemporary society.

Pre-Colonial Arts

Characterized by unique identities and distinctions, evident in ethnic groups and Islamic designs.

Colonial Arts

Art primarily focused on religion and the spread of Christianity during Spanish Colonization (333 years).

American Regime

Innovations in art emerged as Filipino artists sought their identity; education introduced neoclassical and modern art features.

Japanese Occupation

A rise in Filipino literary artists was observed during this less than five years period.

Post-Colonial Arts

Filipino artists embraced modern art beginning in 1946.

Contemporary Art

Art produced from the 1980s to the present day is considered contemporary, technically beginning in the late 1960s or early 1970s.