Chapter 3: Chemical and Physical Features of Water

0.0(0)
studied byStudied by 0 people
learnLearn
examPractice Test
spaced repetitionSpaced Repetition
heart puzzleMatch
flashcardsFlashcards
Card Sorting

1/26

flashcard set

Earn XP

Description and Tags

Biology

Study Analytics
Name
Mastery
Learn
Test
Matching
Spaced

No study sessions yet.

27 Terms

1
New cards

polar molecule

a molecule (such as water) with an uneven distribution of charge

2
New cards

what end of a water molecule has a partial negative charge?

oxygen

3
New cards

what end of a water molecule has a partial positive charge?

hydrogen

4
New cards

hydrogen bonds

the reason water molecules "stick" together.

5
New cards

cohesion

the attraction of molecules for other molecules of the same kind

6
New cards

surface tension

results from greater attraction of water molecules to each other (due to cohesion) than to molecules in the air (due to adhesion)

7
New cards

how does ice affect aquatic organisms?

Because ice is less dense than water, it acts as an insulating blanket that helps keep the water below from rapidly cooling off

8
New cards

why is high heat capacity good for marine organisms?

This is good for marine organisms because they are not subjected to rapid or drastic changes in temperature

9
New cards

how are solids dissolved in seawater?

chemical weathering of rocks on land

10
New cards

salinity

is defined as the total amount of salt dissolved in seawater

11
New cards

what is the average salinity of the ocean?

Average salinity of the ocean is 35 ppt (parts per thousand) or
3.5%

12
New cards

most abundant ions in seawater

chlorine followed by sodium

13
New cards

rule of constant proportions

the relative amounts of each of the various ions in seawater is always constant

14
New cards

evaporation

the process that changes liquid water to gaseous water (water vapor)

15
New cards

freezing

the process that causes a substance to change from a liquid to a solid

16
New cards

precipitation

water released from clouds in the form of rain

• Also added by the melting of glaciers and ice

17
New cards

highest salinities

Latitudes where evaporation is greater than precipitation

18
New cards

lowest salinities

latitudes that get greater rainfall

19
New cards

how does salinity affect freezing temperature?

it increases

20
New cards

what type of water does gas dissolve better in?

cold water

21
New cards

transparency of water

Ability of light to penetrate the ocean

22
New cards

what color penetrates seawater the farthest?

blue

23
New cards

what color penetrates seawater the shortest?

red

24
New cards

transparency

Different colors of light penetrate to different depths in the ocean

25
New cards

pressure

  • changes dramatically with depth in the ocean

  • On land (sea level), we are under 1 atmosphere of pressure (or 14.7 pounds/square inch, psi)

26
New cards

ATM

every ten meters is another atmosphere (ATM) of pressure

27
New cards

effect of pressure on organisms

  • As pressure increases, gases are compressed

  • Gas filled organs (air bladders and lungs) shrink

  • Our lungs would collapse under the pressure