french revolution history

themes

power of the church - hi before - ex: clergy - 1st estate - no taxes - lower after - french dec of ind

mistakes of the two - louis - marie

First estate

 church officials - bishops, etc

Second estate

nobility

Third estate

everyone else

Bourgeosisie

Rural peasants

Urban workers

Bourgeosisie

middle class (merchants/bankers/lawyers) 

Rural peasants

- farmers

Urban workers

;east money - worked in city

taille

Main tax in france - not paid by first and second - whole tax on everyone else

Hi demand for work - not getting paid much - tax crippling to third estate

estate general

Each estate represented in the estate general - french parliament

Parliament Not allowed to meet for 175 years - absolutism

Each estate gets 1 vote - 1st and 2nd vote together

Jaques Necker

France is having financial problems - spending too much 

finance minister - had to figure out what to do

Thinks of taxing the other estates

King needs to keep power - nobles will lose support - he fires Necker

Louis 16

Louis 16

king who fired necker

Looked weak when he fired - and Allowed them to meet

national assembly

•3^RD ESTATE BREAKS AWAY FROM THE ESTATES GENERAL AND FORMS THE NATIONAL ASSEMBLY

cuz of unfair votes

not meeting with first two

estates general will never meet again

•EVENTS THAT LED TO THE TENNIS COURT OATH

king thinks they might be up to something - worried

meeting on their own

Locks them out of their meeting hall

no place to meet

find a tennis court

meet there

Tennis Court Oath

to make a constitution for country that expressed all fair ideas

only 1 guy who didnt take oath

1 and 2 and king not happy

events that led to •JULY 14^TH, 1789 – STORMING OF THE BASTILE

rumors spread - that kings troops all around them bc king mad of oath

wanted to get weapons - stormed a supply point kinda - doubled as hospital and etc

guns and cannons - no ammo

warden and workers represented rich people and stuff - didn’t let them in

over 100 people killed in confrontation

some guards

not many prisoners - let them free

louis 16 - indecisive

french independence day

JULY 14^TH, 1789 – STORMING OF THE BASTILE

themes

ups and downs of power/authority of the church

what mistakes louie/antuonette make

louis 16 big problems

indecisive

french declaration of independence

declaration of rights of man and citizen

major element to address - limit church power

Freedom of religion - church not in favor - wanted to keep power and unity

sieze church property to pay off debts

church subordinate to gvmt

modeled after dec of ind

March on Versailles

March made up of mostly women - from paris

versailles - where royals lived

q+k don’t know what is going on

why women - wanted to appeal to the queen - poor women couldn’t feed families

marie antuoniette - rumored she said let them eat cake - hapsburgs - french people didn’t like her - not connected

got enraged

stormed in and tried to find/kill her

couldn’t find her - pushed back

didn’t leave until the king and queen came to paris to see what was happening

basically prisoners when they came to paris - stuck in the louvre

DECLARATION OF PILNITZ

•AUSTRIA AND PRUSSIA  - restore monarchy or we invade

•Never attacked bc they knew England would not support

marie hapsburg

LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY

•1791 NATIONAL ASSEMBLY writes a constitution creating a limited monarchy – LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY created

•2^nd estate tried leaving – priveleges gone

ded monarch

•Plan/try to escape paris – wanted to keep power – recognized tho – changed minds of revolutionaries  - saw that monarchy did not support

•Jailed and charged

•Other kings and queens got scared it could happen

•Found guilty of treason

•Louis 16 beheaded – months later –marie anton – cuz shes a hapsburg

REACTION OF CATHERINE THE GREAT – Enlightened views change

SANS-CULOTTES

Urban workers, not represented in the Assembly

revolutionary army - police force

JACOBINS

•Middle Class, lawyers / bankers / merchants, represented in the Assembly -

COMMON WANTS of sans and jaco

– Both are radicals, both want an end to the monarchy and an end to 1^st and 2^nd estate privileges

sans hate any opps

jaco represent in assembly

leg assembly new name

•. THE NATIONAL CONVENTION – 1792 Abolish the monarchy, create a republic

some didn’t want no monarchy

TENSIONS AND PROTESTS LEAD TO THE CREATION OF

COMMITTEE OF PUBLIC SAFETY

THE REIGN OF TERROR

COMMITTEE OF PUBLIC SAFETY reign of terror

beating killing people against republic

ROBESPIERRE

•– Jacobin lawyer, “a republic of virtue (high moral standards) only thru the use of terror”

did the executing

napoleon to emperor

not be on the quiz

•1799 OVERTHROWS THE DIRECTORY – SET UP AFTER THE REIGN OF TERROR, SETS UP THE CONSULATE, 1^ST CONSUL 1799-1804 / CONSUL FOR LIFE / EMPEROR 1804-1814  

says to people - this not working - one person consul

national committe gone

coeu de ta - coeu that is nonviolent

not be on the quiz

term council - says yo guys too short - serve for life - yes

vote to change first council name emperor

REFORMS of nap

•– Peace with the church – not really most things back to them - angered revolutionaries (ups and downs of church power again!!!!) / Napoleonic Code – equality before the law - except for women

NATIONALISM

napoleon sparked nationalism

monarchy had nationalism but revolution bye bye

strong economy , military, infrastructure

happy people

more willing to fight,

harder workers.

too cocky - try to conquer

lone country outside of empire

britain

napoleon economic warfare

doesnt alllow them to trade in europe

blockades

inflation - rising prices - shortage of products

scorched earth policy

England trading with Russia illegally, Russia burns down towns and lands so that France can’t settle

600000

to 100000

people went in and out

opportunity for quad alliance -

after scorched

russia prussia austria great britain

win

napoleon exile

elba

escapes

defeated again at Waterloo to St.Helena

monarchy back

died

congress of vienna

european countries

what to do with france

Suppress other revolutions in europe

Promote principles of legitimacy - restore monarchies where Napoleon replaced them

legitimate monatch who will preserve traditional institutions must be established in all countries.

Hurt enlightenment of ideas - backwards

maintain power

balanced power - nobody can invade anyone

constitution 1791

limited monarchy