Module 2: Introduction of Semiconductors

Flashcards testing knowledge on semiconductors, n-type and p-type material properties, PN junction operation, biasing conditions, and diode characteristics.

Atoms consist of three basic particles: protons, electrons, and __________.

neutrons

Impurities added to a pure semiconductor to create an N-type material, such as phosphorus, arsenic, antimony, or bismuth, are called __________ impurities.

donor

P-type silicon is silicon doped with __________ gas that turns it into a conductive material that readily accepts electrons when voltage is applied.

boron

Extrinsic p-type semiconductors are created through doping with a group-__________ element.

III

Pentavalent impurity atoms have __________ valence electrons and produce n-type semiconductors by contributing extra electrons.

5

The gap between the valence band and the conduction band where no electron stays is called the __________ energy gap.

forbidden

The charge transfer of electrons and holes across the PN junction is known as __________.

diffusion

In forward biasing, the positive region of the device is connected to the __________-terminal of the supply.

p

Under forward voltage on the diode I-V characteristics curve, the barrier potential is approximately $0.3\,V$ for Germanium and __________ for Silicon.

$$0.7\,V$$

The steady state or DC operating point of a diode is also called the __________ point.

Quiescent

In reverse biasing, the depletion layer becomes __________ and resists current flow across the junction.

Thick

In the reverse-bias region, the diode exhibits transition capacitance ($C_T$), while in the forward-bias region it exhibits __________ capacitance ($C_D$).

diffusion

The formula for reverse recovery time is $t_{rr} = t_s + t_t$, where $t_s$ represents the __________ time.

storage

A Zener diode consists of a special, heavily doped p-n junction designed to conduct in the __________ direction when a specified voltage is reached.

reverse

The process of a light-emitting diode giving off light when energized by an electrical source is called __________.

electroluminescence