Mutations - Biology

Study

What is a mutation?

Change in DNA sequences (Mutations are heritable changes in genetic information)

Different types of mutations?

Gene mutations & chromosomal mutations

Gene mutations

Those that produce changes in a single gene

Chromosomal

Those that produce changes in whole chromosome

3 main types of mutation

Substitution, Insertion, & deletion

Substitution

One base is substituted for another

Insertion

A base added

Deletion

A base is removed

Mutagens

Factors in the environment that cause mutations

Two types of Frameshift mutations?

Insertion and Deletion

Does substitution always result in a change in the amino acid?

No, because when substitution occurs it can still code for the same amino acid

What Nitrogen base CAN'T you use during transcription?

Thymine

RNA polymerase

RNA polymerase puts the bases together

Point mutation

No change in amino acids (single base change ‘substitution’)

Codon

a sequence of three nucleotides in DNA or RNA that codes for a specific amino acid or signals the end of protein synthesis

How many different codon combinations are shown on this codon chart?

Sixty-four

How many different types of amino acids are shown on this codon chart?

Twenty

Base pairs

Adenine = Uracil

Guanine = Cytosine