midterm 2

Which mechanism involves the transfer of free naked DNA material from one cell to another

Transformation = One donor cell releases DNA to the recipient
Transduction = DNA transfer mediated by virus
Generalized = Low efficiency/ Replacing many spots of recipet genome
Specialzed = Higher efficiency/ replacing specific spot of the recpient genome
Conjugation= Touch/ Sex Pillus/ F Plasmid required

Total gene content of the organisms present in an environment or in a microbial community is known as

Metagenome

Proteomics

Study of protein

Transcriptome

The study of RNA

Metabolome

Study of metabolites

During the fermentaion process which of the following of lager beers is not true

Fermentaion temperation 14-23
ALE = Top fermentation/ CO2 FLOATS TO THE TOP/ 14-23 C Cervisae
LAGGER = Bottom fementation

Complete the sentence: The class of restriction

Type 2= cut within the recognition sequence
Type 3 and 2 = cut away from the recognition sequence

MRNA TRANSCRIPTS ARE CONVERETED INTO CDNA BY

Reverse Transcriptase

WHICH ARE FOLLOWING BACTERIA GROUPS ARE NOT ABLE TO CARRY OUT ANOXYGENIC PHOTOSYNTHESIS

Cyanobacteria

Which of the following is not a major genera capbable of fixing N2 non-symbiotically

Chromabacterium - rod shaped- viosilum

The hybridization procdedure which DNA is the target sequence in gel is known as the..

Southern Block
Hybridization = Hybridize to a complementary sequence
Gel Electroysis = Separates DNA/RNA by their sides in a electric field

Based on rRNA sequence the phyla Proteobacteria are divided into classes

Six

Primary Metabolites are produced during which phase

Exponential Growth Phase = Alcohol is Primary metabolite
Stationary Phase= Secondary metabolites antibiotics

Genetic Engineering refers to the use of techniques in lab

In-vitro
CRISPIR
GEL ELECTROLYSIS
NUCLEIC ACID HYBRIDIZATION

Organism obtaining carbon from in-organic sources

Autotroph
Hetetroph- Get nutrients from third party sources
Auxotroph - Nutritional requirement in order for them to grow

Which mutagen is a example of nucleotide base analog

5-Bromouracil
2- aminopuriene

To study a organism transcriptome is BLANK hybridized onto DNA silica chips that are complementary to the sequences

cDNA/complementary
- Not identical becaise

In an industrial fermentor an BLANK AERATES AND A BLANK STIRS

Sparger= Aerates
Impeller = Stirs

A mutation

A heritable change in DNA sequence that can lead to a change in phenotype
Wild type = from nature
Selectable = has a growth advantage
Non-selectable = No advantage or disadvantage
Replicable Plating
Induced Mutation= Caused by the Environment
Spontaneous = Occurs without envm intervention
Point= Mutation happens at single base pair
Silent = Gutamine to
Missense = Changes the amino acid/ Sickle Cell
Nonsense = STOP codon, UAA, UAG, UGA
Frameshift= Insertion or Deletion of bases

Which characteristic does not corresponf to Enteris bacteria

Enteric Bacteria are Oxifase positive and Catalase Negative

The entire complement of genetic information

Genome

Exoenzymes are catalytic protein that

excretes outside the cells into the medium

Which group in bacteria lacks cell walls

Mycoplasm

Mixed acid anerobic bacteria which is not a end product

Butanedol

Saccharmyces

Saccharmyces cerrvisiae
Ale
carlsbergensis
Lager = Bottom fermenting

The CRISPR system in bacteria

Recognizes foreign DNA sequences that have previous entered the cell and directs the CAS proteins to destroy them
- Prokaryotic immune system basically

Ideal host for cloning vectors

All
Rapid Growth in Inexpensive mediu
non-pathogenic
Capable of incorporating DNA
Equppited with appropiate enzymes

The SOS regulatory system is activated by

Large scale DNA damage - Done via the LEX A protein - which represses the REC A protein- no REC A being made

REC A DEGRADES LEX A - DNA repair can happen

B-galactodise

White= clones succesful
Blue= Not sucessful. LAC Z is still active

Used to analyze metabolites

Mass spectrometry

Followow fermentation to maitain higher concentration of alcohol

distillation

Bacteria found in fruit juices

Acetic Acid Bacteria

Purple phototrophic Bacteria

Delabrvio

Doesn't attack gram positive bactiera

Which of the following produces gaseous vesicles

Myxococus