DNA Replication

DNA polymerase

________ can not begin synthesis on a bare template strand.

RNA primers

________ are removed by DNA polymerase and replaced with DNA.

Semi discontinuous

________: one DNA strand is replicated in fragments.

Semi conservative

________: both strands will serve as a template for new strand synthesis.

complementary strand

Telomere at 3 does not have a(n) ________ and is called a 3 overhang.

Topoisomerases

________: prevents torsion by DNA breaks.

DNA ligase

________: seals nick via phosphodiester linkage.

Hydrogen

________ bonding between A and T, and between G and C is more stable than mismatched combinations.

cellular senescence

Shortening of telomeres is correlated with ________.

DNA primase

________ makes the primer from RNA.

Telomerase function

________ is reduced as an organism ages.

polymerases

Lesion- replicating ________ may be able to synthesize complementary strands to the damaged area.

DNA polymerase

________ adds nucleotides in a 5 to 3 direction as it slides forward.

DNA polymerase

________: covalently links nucleotides together.

DNA polymerase

________ can proofread to remove mismatched pairs.

DNA polymerase

________ backs up and digests linkages.

DNA Polymerase

________: synthesis of new strand.

Semi-conservative

both strands will serve as a template for new strand synthesis

Semi-discontinuous

one DNA strand is replicated in fragments

Origin of replication

provides an opening called a replication bubble that forms two replication forks

DNA polymerase

covalently links nucleotides together

Deoxynucleoside triphosphates

free nucleotides with three phosphate groups

Topoisomerases

prevents torsion by DNA breaks

Helicases

separates 2 strands

Primase

RNA primer synthesis

Single-strand binding proteins

prevent reannealing of single strands

DNA Polymerase

 synthesis of new strand

Clamp

stabilizes polymerase

DNA ligase

seals nick via phosphodiester linkage

DNA Polymerase II

multiple subunits, responsible for majority of replication

DNA Polymerase I

a single subunit, rapidly removes RNA primers and fills in DNA

DNA Polymerase II, IV, and V

DNA repair and can replicate damaged DNA

DNA polymerase α*

* its own built in primase subunit

DNA polymerase δ and 𝜀

extend DNA at a faster rate

DNA polymerase 𝛾

replicates mitochondrial DNA