DNA Replication
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DNA polymerase
________ can not begin synthesis on a bare template strand.
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RNA primers
________ are removed by DNA polymerase and replaced with DNA.
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Semi discontinuous
________: one DNA strand is replicated in fragments.
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Semi conservative
________: both strands will serve as a template for new strand synthesis.
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complementary strand
Telomere at 3 does not have a(n) ________ and is called a 3 overhang.
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Topoisomerases
________: prevents torsion by DNA breaks.
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DNA ligase
________: seals nick via phosphodiester linkage.
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Hydrogen
________ bonding between A and T, and between G and C is more stable than mismatched combinations.
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cellular senescence
Shortening of telomeres is correlated with ________.
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DNA primase
________ makes the primer from RNA.
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Telomerase function
________ is reduced as an organism ages.
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polymerases
Lesion- replicating ________ may be able to synthesize complementary strands to the damaged area.
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DNA polymerase
________ adds nucleotides in a 5 to 3 direction as it slides forward.
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DNA polymerase
________: covalently links nucleotides together.
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DNA polymerase
________ can proofread to remove mismatched pairs.
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DNA polymerase
________ backs up and digests linkages.
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DNA Polymerase
________: synthesis of new strand.
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Semi-conservative
both strands will serve as a template for new strand synthesis
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Semi-discontinuous
one DNA strand is replicated in fragments
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Origin of replication
provides an opening called a replication bubble that forms two replication forks
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DNA polymerase
covalently links nucleotides together
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Deoxynucleoside triphosphates
free nucleotides with three phosphate groups
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Topoisomerases
prevents torsion by DNA breaks
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Helicases
separates 2 strands
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Primase
RNA primer synthesis
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Single-strand binding proteins
prevent reannealing of single strands
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DNA Polymerase
synthesis of new strand
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Clamp
stabilizes polymerase
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DNA ligase
seals nick via phosphodiester linkage
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DNA Polymerase II
multiple subunits, responsible for majority of replication
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DNA Polymerase I
a single subunit, rapidly removes RNA primers and fills in DNA
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DNA Polymerase II, IV, and V
DNA repair and can replicate damaged DNA
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DNA polymerase α*
* its own built in primase subunit
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DNA polymerase δ and 𝜀
extend DNA at a faster rate
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DNA polymerase 𝛾
replicates mitochondrial DNA
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