\________- obtains its energy through the consumption of dead animals and plants.
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Biosphere
\________ is the entire life- containing area of a planet- all communities and ecosystems.
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Batesian mimicry
\________- an animal that is harmless copies the appearance of an animal that is dangerous to trick predators.
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Optimal
\________ foraging- Natural selection favors animals that choose foraging strategies that take into account costs and benefits.
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Agonistic behaviors
\________ can involve food, mates, and territory, to name only a few.
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Commensalism
\________- One organism benefits while the other is unaffected.
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Müllerian mimicry
\________- two species that are aposematically colored as an indicator of their chemical defense mechanisms mimic each others color scheme in an effort to increase the speed with which their predators learn to avoid them.
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Kinesis
\________- a seemingly random change in the speed of a movement in response to a stimulus.
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Carnivore
\________- obtains energy and nutrients through the consumption of other animals.
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Niche
\________ of an organism- consists of all the biotic and abiotic resources used by the organism.
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Denitrification
\________- the process by which bacteria themselves use nitrates and release N2 as a product.
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Tundras
\________- experience extremely cold winters during which the ground freezes completely.
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Pheromones
\________ can be powerful enough to attract mates from miles away.
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Plants
\________ contribute to the carbon cycle by taking in carbon and using it to perform photosynthetic reactions, and then incorporating it into their sugars.
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Sex ratio
\________- proportion of males and females in a population.
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Humans
\________ are a fine example of a* K*- selected population.
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steep downward curve
Type III individuals have a(n) \________ for those of young age, representing a death rate that flattens out once a certain age is reached.
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bugs
For example, \________ are eaten by spiders, who are eaten by birds, who are eaten by cats.
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Siblings
\________ have a coefficient of relatedness (COR) of 0.5 because they share 50 percent of their genes.
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Logistic growth
\________: the population grows at a rate that creates an S- shaped curve.
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Taigas
\________ contain coniferous forests (pine and other needle- bearing trees)
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Inclusive fitness
\________- represents the overall ability of individuals to pass their genes on to the next generation.
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primary productivity
The communities are characterized by the amount of energy they are able to- produce (\________) and the number of species present in the community.
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coloration pattern
The \________ is there in the hope that the predator will, in a trial- and- error fashion, associate the \________ with an uncomfortable chemical- spraying experience that it had in the past.
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Ecosystem
\________- consists of the individuals of the community and the environment in which it exists.
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Ethology a narrower field
\________, focused particularly on animal behavior and less on ecological analysis.
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Reciprocal altruism
\________- reason individuals behave altruistically: the hope that in the future, the companion will return the favor.
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Bees
\________ provide an example of communication that involves chemical, tactile, and auditory components.
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Photoautotrophs
\________ (photosynthetic autotrophs) start the Earths food chain by converting the energy of light into the energy of life.
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Observational
\________ learning the ability of an organism to learn how to do something by watching another individual do it first, even if they have never attempted it themselves.
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Insight
\________ learning the ability to do something right the first time with no prior experience.
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short generation time
A(n) \________ allows offspring to be produced at a faster rate.
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Temperate
\________ grasslands- found in regions with cold winters.
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Heterotrophs
\________: The consumers of the world.
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Uniform
\________: The individuals are evenly spaced out across a geographic area, such as birds on a wire sitting above the highway.
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NH3
The \________ in the environment is converted by bacteria into NO3 (nitrate), and this NO3 is taken up by plants and then eventually by animals to complete the nitrogen cycle.
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appropriate solution
It requires reasoning ability- the skill to look at a problem and come up with a(n) \________.
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Survivorship
\________ curves- another tool used to study the population dynamics of species.
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Migration
\________- a cyclic movement of animals over long distances according to the time of year.
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Rainforests
\________ consist primarily of tall trees that form a thick cover, which blocks the light from reaching the floor of the forest (where there is little growth)
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Bacteria
\________ are a good example of an Rselected population.
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age structure
A(n) \________ that consists of more individuals in the middle of their reproductive years will grow at a faster rate than one weighted toward older people.
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Cryptic coloration
\________- those being hunted adopt a coloring scheme that allows them to blend into the colors of the environment* Deceptive markings can cause a predator to think twice before attacking.
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harmful foreign insects
The ants are able to feast on the sugar produced by the trees, while the trees are protected by the ants attack on any potentially \________.
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Savanna soil
\________ tends to be low in nutrients, while temperatures tend to run high.
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Temperate deciduous forests
\________- found in regions that experience cold winters where plant life is dormant, alternating with warm summers that provide enough moisture to keep large trees alive.
Studied by 8 people
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Flashcard (46)