Chapter 7c: Cytoskeletal Structures and Functions

Flashcards covering the key concepts related to the cytoskeletal structure and functions, including questions on the properties of actin filaments, microtubules, motor proteins, and the general roles of the cytoskeleton.

Intermediate filaments, actin filaments, microtubules

The components of the cytoskeleton ranked from thickest to thinnest are microtubules (thickest), intermediate filaments, and actin filaments (thinnest).

Actin filaments

Filaments that are described as two chains twisted together.

Plus (+) end of a cytoskeletal polymer

Generally polymerizes more rapidly than the other end and does not carry a positive charge.

Motor proteins

Proteins such as kinesin and dynein that bind and hydrolyze ATP to walk along microtubules.

Intermediate filaments

Proteins that make up hair, claws, and the lamins in the nuclear lamina.

Dynamic instability

Phenomenon where microtubules undergo rapid polymerization and depolymerization, primarily due to GTP hydrolysis.

Cytoskeleton in prokaryotes

Prokaryotes have a cytoskeleton, with some proteins related to those in eukaryotes.

Axoneme

Structure made of microtubules responsible for the wave-like movement of cilia and flagella.

Functions of the cytoskeleton

Includes providing structural strength, maintaining cell shape, allowing cell movement, and moving materials inside the cell.