Unit 5 APHG vocab pt. 2

Green Revolution

The U.s supported development of high yield seed variety that increased the productivity of cereal crops for transfer to LDC’s

Cross-Breeding

The act of mixing different species of and varieties of plants or animals to produce hybrids

Hybrid

The offspring of two plants or animals of different species or varieties

Double Cropping

Planting another crop on the same plot of land as soon as the first crop has been harvested

Environmental Contamination

Chemical residue that builds up with each application of synthetic fertilizers and pesticides

Soil Salinization

The concentration of dissolved salts in soil

Bid-Rent Theory

Explains how the demand for and price of land decrease as it’s distance from the central business district increases

Central Business District

A dense cluster of offices and shops located at the cities most accessible point (center)

Monocropping

The cultivation of a single commercial crop on extensive tracts of land

Commodity Chain

A series of links connecting a commodity’s many places of production, distribution, and consumption

Agribuisness

Large cooperation that provides a vast array of goods and services to support the agricultural industry

Concentrated Animal Feeding

Animal rearing system that confines livestock in high-density cages only large enough to allow the animals body to grow and to accommodate equipment for feeding and waste removal

Von Thunen Model

A predictive theory in human geo that predicts humans will use land in relation to the cost of land and transporting products to market

Global Supply Chain

Agribusiness organized at the global scale; encompasses all the elements of growing, harvesting, processing, transporting, marketing, consuming, and disposing of food

Export Commodity

A cash crop that is produced for export to wealthier countries at the expense of crop production for local consumption

Subsides

Guaranteed prices for staple food crops

Dead Zones

Sections of a body of water where there is very little aquatic life

Desertification

The process by which once-fertile land becomes deserted as a result of climate variations or human activities

Irrigation Agriculture

Farming that relies on the controlled application of water to cultivated fields

Aquifer

Underground water deposited hundreds of thousands of years ago

Sustainable Agriculture

A commitment to satisfying human food and textile needs and to enhancing the quality of life for farmers and society asa whole; it requires a balance among feeding the growing population

Genetically Modified Organism

A living organism including crops and livestock,that is produced through genetic engineering

Aquaculture

The cultivation and harvesting of aquatic organisms under controlled conditions

Urban Farming

The practice of growing fruits and veggies on small private plots or shared community gardens within the confines of a city