BSC2011 EXAM 2

The most diverse animal phylum on Earth:

Are protosomes

Which of the following types of cells cannot produce action potentials?

Glial cells

In which of the following animals would muscles attach to the inside of the exoskeleton for the movement of an appendage?

Fiddler crab (an arthropod)

Heat transfer in limbs and oxygen exchange both operate by:

Countercurrent exchange

The HPA Axis and thermoregulation both operate by:

Negative feedback

Only nocturnal animals have biological clocks

False

Cortisol is considered the primary stress hormone in mammals because its actions are specific to stress related processes

False

Because they cannot regulate their own body temperature, only
ectotherms engage in behavioral thermoregulation

False

Many marine birds and reptiles have salt glands which excrete salt and do not require ATP

False

Which of the following statements about vitamin A is false?

Under periods of stress, animals can synthesize their own vitamin A

Which is the following sensory systems uses a component derived from vitamin A

Photoreception

Which of the following statements about thermoregulation is false?

Endothermy is always more costly than ectothermy

The thermoneutral zone describes the range of temperatures where thermoregulation requires the least amount of energy in which of the following animals? (Select all)

Mammals and birds

Which of the following systems is not present in insects?

Dorsal nerve cord

The image above shows two flat animals. The arrows point in the direction that they are swimming. Which of these animals can be described as dorsoventrally flattened?

The marine flatworm

In the image above, which animal does not have specialized organs for respiration?

The marine flatworm

In the image above, which animal is triploblastic?

Both

Analysis of hormones in the urine is possible beacuse:

The kidney can filter hormones out of the blood stream

Which of the following represents the correct order of events in mammalian respiration?

Bulk flow, diffusion, hemoglobin binding

Several organ systems exhibit rhythmicity in their activity. Which of the following achieves rhythmicity endogenously?

Heartbeat

Which letters represent blood flowing away from the heart?

F and C

Which letter represent only deoxygenated blood?

A, B, C

Which letters represent blood returning from the lungs?

G and H

Which letter represents the destination for an action potential?

E

Which letter represents a glial cell?

C

Which letter represents the site receiving information from other neurons?

A

Which letter represents the site where action potentials take place?

D

Which of the following characteristics would best describe a fish that does not drink water?

Its cells are hyper-osmotic relative to the water it lives in

The guts of grazing animals like zebra and cows have specialized anatomy whose function serves to 

Provide a suitable habitat for communities of microbes that are mutualistic

Which of the following hormones operates on positive feedback?

Oxytocin during childbirth

Which is the most common type of body symmetry in animals?

Bilateral symmetry

In thermoregulation, which component describes sweat glands? 

Effectors

In thermoregulation, which component describes the hypothalamus?

Control mechanism/center

For regulation of blood sugar, which component describes the liver?

Effectors

For regulation of blood sugar, which component describes glucose?

Controlled variable

The most recent evidence suggests that ctenophores are sister taxon to the rest of the animals. What evidence helped support this conclusion?

Comparison of chromosome arrangements across the animal kingdom

In the image, which curve most likely represents an animal that swims for locomotion?

B

Which letter represents the primary location of gas exchange?

B

Which letter represents the site that expands and compresses to assist with air flow?

C

Which of the following structures shorten during muscle contractions?

Sarcomeres