Health assessment musculoskeletal vocab 2

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA)

is chronic, autoimmune inflammatory disease of connective tissue

boutonnière deformity

a medical condition in which the finger is flexed at the proximal interphalangeal joint (PIP) and hyperextended at the distal interphalangeal joint (DIP)

swan-neck deformity

a deformity of the finger characterized by hyperextension of the proximal interphalangeal joint (PIP) and flexion of the distal interphalangeal joint (DIP)

Osteoarthritis

is degenerative change in articular cartilage

Acute Rheumatoid Arthritis

Tender, painful, swollen, stiff joints

Chronic Rheumatoid Arthritis

Swan-neck deformity and Ulnar deviation

Osteoarthritis

Heberden's nodes and Bouchard's nodes

Heberden's nodes

- end of finger, advanced, bony overgrowth that are usually hard and painless but affect strength and ROM

- flexion and deviation deformities usually middle aged patients (distal and lateral)

Bouchard's nodes

middle of finger, more proximal less common

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

- median nerve trapped, burning at night stretching hurts - Pregnancy can worsen

- Thumb weakness and difficult with ADLs

Thenar atrophy

compression of the median nerve classic in carpal tunnel

Ganglion

- a cyst that is not tender, round, hard, swollen, and fluid filled - - very common, with injury

Tenosynovitis

infection of tendon sheath, pain upon extension of finger

Gout

- Unilateral in Feet and toes

- Uric acid crystals deposited in great toe

Hallux valgus

Second toe over big

Corn

- Small painful thickening on skin at pressure point

- Diabetics need a podiatrist deal with this, do not scrub off

Hammer toe

- Second toe is jacked up, hyperextension of joint

- Usually second, can be third or first

- From degenerative changes, aging usually

Plantar wart

- Caused by HPV, outer layer of skin commonly soiled

- Grow outward and long up into foot (freezing may not help), painful

Flat feet

- Medial border convex and touches floor, no arch

- Stretching of posterior tibialis is most common

- Aging, illness, injury

kyphosis

convex curvature of thoracic spine

Fracture

partial or complete break in continuity of a bone

closed fracture

Skin intact

open fracture

open wound

Pathologic fracture

results from weakness in bone, (osteoporosis or neoplasm)