APUSH Chapter 13

Haitian Revolution

Successful slave revolt in Haiti creating the first independent Black Republic

Influenced by Enlightenment ideals and challenging global slavery

Missouri Compromise

1820

U.S law that admitted Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a free state to maintain senate balance

Created the 36/30 line where everything below would be a slave state and everything about would be a free state

Bandaid on bullet hole/limited fed oversight

Democratic Party

Originally pro-slavery

States rights, expanding democracy to fit the common man

Individual choice and expansion

Whig Party

Didn’t like Andrew Jackson

Supported national bank, tariffs, and improvements to the American System

Henry Clay, Abe Lincoln

Frederick Douglas

Enslaved, then freed African American writer

Leading voice for abolition and equal rights, used his autobiography and newspaper to expose slavery’s horrors and sway public opinion

Free Soil Party

Opposed slavery’s expansion into west territories since slavery threatened free white labor and economic opportunity

Advocated for individual growth and independence

Wilmot Proviso

Proposed by David Wilmot

Tried to ban slavery in any territory gained from Mexico after the Mexican-American War

Passed in the House, not the Senate

Increased divide between free/slave states

Compromise of 1850

Series of 5 SEPARATE BILLS in an attempt to soften tensions

• Clay packaged them all together: didn’t pass because there was too much disconnect

• Steven Douglas separated them: passed individually

Admitted Cali as free state

Fugitive Slave Act

Banned slave trade in DC

System of popular sovereignty for Utah and New Mexico

Settled Texas’s border

Fugitive Slave Act

VERY CONTROVERSIAL

Required that slaves be returned to their owners, even if they escape to a free state

Maddened Northern states (moral vs legal) and made them believe that the southern states were receiving preferential treatment

Limited state voices in part for the larger fed government

Uncle Tom’s Cabin

Written by Harriet Beecher Stowe

Writes about the brutality of slavery in the United States

Sparked inspiration in abolitionists movements

Controversial for its outdated/stereotypical depictions

Stephen Douglas

Mushed the Compromise of 1820 into one bill instead of five, allowing it to pass

Popular Sovereignty

The belief that the states should hold elections to figure out if they are going to be a slave state or free state

Established in 1850s (Kansas Nebraska)

Kansas Nebraska Act

Passed in 1854

Allowed settlers in Kansas/Nebraska to use popular sovereignty to pick if they will be free states or slave states

GOES DIRECTLY AGAINST MISSOURI COMPROMISE AND 36/30!!

Caused Bleeding Kansas

Bleeding Kansas

Political unrest in Kansas started after the kansas nebraska act

Anti Slavery vs Slavery

Violence in senate

Violence

Charles Sumner

1856 - Preston Brooks beat abolitionists Senator Charles Sumner on the senate floor, symbolizing the national breakdown of civility

Republican Party

Started around anti-slavery beliefs

Formed in response to Kansas Nebraska

Free soil, free labor

Scott v. Sandford

1857

Denied citizenship to Black people (enslaved or free)

Going against state government (moral and legal)

Infuriated Northern states

John Brown

Abolitionist who felt so passionate about ending slavery that he went around murdering enslavers

Tried the Harpers Ferry raid (to steal weapons and powder from national armory) to give to rebellions. Successful but no one showed up. Captured and sent to jail

Executed

Election of 1860

Gave Lincoln a victory in the popular vote and electoral vote

Didn’t need the south’s vote

Secession

The formal withdrawal of a group, territory, or state from a political entity/organization and union