Nursing: Unit 2: Chapter 9: Body Structure and Function (P. 100 and 104)

Lymph

Clear, thin, watery fluid that contains proteins and fats from the intestines, and also white blood cells (WBC). This is formed in the tissues

Lymphatic System

This system collects extra lymph from tissues and returns int to the blood which helps prevent tissue swelling, defending the body against infection by producing lymphocytes, and absorbs fats from intestines and transports it to the blood.

Right lymphatic duct

This area in in charge of collecting lymph from the right arm and from the right side of the head, neck, and chest, emptying into a vein on the right side of the neck.

Thoracic Duct

Collects lymph from the pelvis, abdomen, lower chest, and the rest of the body, emptying into a vein on the left side of the neck.

Lymphocytes

These are produced by the lymphatic system and are a type of WBC thats fights against microorganisms that cause infection.

T Lymphocytes

These lymphocytes develop in the thymus and destroy invading cells.

Tonsils

Structure located at the back of the throat

Spleen

Largest structure in the lymphatic system and has a rich blood supply; it’s in charge of filtering and removing bacteria, destroying old RBCs, saving iron, and storing blood.

Adenoids

Structure located behind the nose.

21%

Air contains about ______ oxygen

Respiration

The process of supplying cells with oxygen and removing carbon dioxide from them

Inhalation/inspiration

This is a term used to describe “breathing in”

Exhalation/expiration

This is a term used to describe “breathing out”

Nose, pharynx, larynx, epiglottis, trachea, bronchus, bronchioles, alveoli

Air first enters through the ____, then passes through the _____. Then it goes into the _____, and a piece of cartilage called the ______ lifts up to let air pass into the _____. It then divides into the left and right ___, then divides into smaller _____, and finally into smaller grape like structures called ____ which does gas exchange.

Pharynx

Another term for throat (Remember: the pharaoh grabs you by the throat)

Larynx

Another term for the voice box (remember: Larry sings through his voice box)

Epiglottis

A piece of cartilage that separates the trachea and the esophagus; it lifts up when you breathe.

Trechea

Another term for the windpipe

Bronchus

These are two branches that stem off of the trachea into the two lungs.

Bronchioles

These are small branches in the lungs that stem off of the bronchi

Alveoli

These are grape like structures in our lungs that contain capillaries for gas exchange.

Pleura

Each lung is covered in a 2-layered sac called the ___. One layer is attached to the lung and the other to the chest wall; it secretes a very thin fluid that fills the space between the laters, and prevents the layers from rubbing together during respiration.

Immunity

This means that a person has protection against a disease or condition; the person will not get or be affected by the disease

Specific immunity

This is the body’s reaction to a certain threat

Non-specific immunity

This is the body’s reaction to anything it does not recognize as a normal body substance; special cells and substances function to produce immunity.

Antibodies

These are produced by the body to recognize other substances and are involved in destroying abnormal or unwanted substances.

Antigens

These are foreign substances that cause an immune response; antibodies recognize this and bind with unwanted ___, which leads to the destruction of them, and production of more antibodies.

Phagocytes

These are types of white blood cells that digest and destroy microorganisms and other unwanted substances.

B Lymphocytes

These cause the production of antibodies that circulate in the plasma which react to specific antigens.

Killer T Cells

These produce poisons near the invading cells and some attract other cells which destroy the invaders.