AP Psychology Unit 12 (copy)

insane/insanity

differentiate between those who can be held entirely responsible for their crimes (legal term)

DSM

provides a way for psychologists to diagnose their patients

Humanistic cause for disorder

failure to strive toward one’s potential or being out of touch with one’s feelings

Behavioral cause for disorder

reinforcement history, the environment

Cognitive cause for disorder

Irrational, dysfunctional thoughts or ways of thinking

Sociocultural cause for disorder

dysfunctional society

Biomedical cause for disorder

organic problems, biochemical imbalances, genetic predispositions

psychological disorder

a syndrome marked by a clinically significant disturbance in an individual’s cognition, emotion regulation, or behavior

medical model

assumes that psychological disorders are mental illnesses with physical causes that can be diagnosed, treated, and cured through therapy

biophysical approach

biological, psychological, and social-cultural

anxiety disorders

psychological disorders characterized by distressing, persistent anxiety or maladaptive behaviors that reduce anxiety

social anxiety disorder

intense fear and avoidance or social situations

GAD

continually tense, apprehensive, and in a state of autonomic nervous system arousal

panic disorder

episodes of intense dread

phobia

persistent irrational fear and avoidance of a specific object, activity, or situation

agoraphobia

fear or avoidance of public situations from which escape might be difficult

OCD

a disorder characterized by unwanted repetitive thoughts (obsessions), actions (compulsions), or both

PTSD

haunting memories that lingers four weeks or more after a traumatic experience

stimulus generalization

the experience of a fearful event later develops of similar events

somatic symptom disorder

when a person manifests a psychological problem through a physiological sympyom

conversion disorder

report the existence of a severe physical problem such as paralysis or blindness

dissociative disorders

conscious awareness becomes separated from previous memories, thoughts, and feelings

DID

a person exhibits two or more distinct and alternating personalities

dissociative amnesia

person cannot remember things and no physiological basis for the disruption in memory can be identified

major depressive disorder

remain unhappy for more than two weeks

seasonal affective disorder

depression during certain times of the year

persistent depressive disorder

milder depressed mood for a longer period of time

bipolar disorder

a person alternates between hopelessness and lethargy of depression and the overexcited state of mania

mania

a euphoric, overly talkative, wildly energetic, optimistic state

schizophrenia

disordered, distorted thinking demonstrated through delusions, hallucinations, disorganized language, and/or unusual motor behavior

delusions

beliefs that have no basis in reality

hallucinations

perceptions in the absence of any sensory stimulation

positive symptoms of schizophrenia

excesses in behavior, thought, or mood (neologisms and hallucinations)

negative symptoms of schizophrenia

deficits (flat affect or catatonia)

catatonia

motor problem

flat affect

no emotional response at all

neologisms

make up their own words

double binds

living a life of contradictory information

diathesis - stress model

stressors in our environment provide circumstances for a predisposition to an illness can express itself

personality disorders

inflexible and enduring behavior patterns that impair social functioning

antisocial personality disorer

have little regard for other people’s feelings

borderline personality disorder

ongoing pattern of varying moods, self image, and behavior

dependent personality disorder

rely too much on others

paranoid personality disorder

feel persecuted

narcissistic personality disorder

seeing oneself as the center of the universe

histrionic personality disorder

overly dramatic behavior

obsessive-compulsive personality disorder

some obsessions & compulsions but not debilitating like OCD

anorexia nervosa

a person maintains a starvation diet despite being significantly underweight

bulimia nervosa

binge eating followed by inappropriate weight-loss promoting behavior

binge eating disorder

\`binge-eating episodes, followed by distress

autism spectrum disorder

seek out social and emotional contact than others & less likely to seek support when distressed. hypersensitivity to sensory stimulation & can exhibit intense interest in objects not viewed as interesting to others

ADHD

difficulty paying attention and sitting still

Tourette’s

multiple motor and one or more vocal tics

Intellectual disability

impacts intellectual capabilities

learning disability

impacts ability to develop skills

neurocognitive disorder

describes decreased mental function due to a medical disease other than a psychiatric illness