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insane/insanity
differentiate between those who can be held entirely responsible for their crimes (legal term)
DSM
provides a way for psychologists to diagnose their patients
Humanistic cause for disorder
failure to strive toward one’s potential or being out of touch with one’s feelings
Behavioral cause for disorder
reinforcement history, the environment
Cognitive cause for disorder
Irrational, dysfunctional thoughts or ways of thinking
Sociocultural cause for disorder
dysfunctional society
Biomedical cause for disorder
organic problems, biochemical imbalances, genetic predispositions
psychological disorder
a syndrome marked by a clinically significant disturbance in an individual’s cognition, emotion regulation, or behavior
medical model
assumes that psychological disorders are mental illnesses with physical causes that can be diagnosed, treated, and cured through therapy
biophysical approach
biological, psychological, and social-cultural
anxiety disorders
psychological disorders characterized by distressing, persistent anxiety or maladaptive behaviors that reduce anxiety
social anxiety disorder
intense fear and avoidance or social situations
GAD
continually tense, apprehensive, and in a state of autonomic nervous system arousal
panic disorder
episodes of intense dread
phobia
persistent irrational fear and avoidance of a specific object, activity, or situation
agoraphobia
fear or avoidance of public situations from which escape might be difficult
OCD
a disorder characterized by unwanted repetitive thoughts (obsessions), actions (compulsions), or both
PTSD
haunting memories that lingers four weeks or more after a traumatic experience
stimulus generalization
the experience of a fearful event later develops of similar events
somatic symptom disorder
when a person manifests a psychological problem through a physiological sympyom
conversion disorder
report the existence of a severe physical problem such as paralysis or blindness
dissociative disorders
conscious awareness becomes separated from previous memories, thoughts, and feelings
DID
a person exhibits two or more distinct and alternating personalities
dissociative amnesia
person cannot remember things and no physiological basis for the disruption in memory can be identified
major depressive disorder
remain unhappy for more than two weeks
seasonal affective disorder
depression during certain times of the year
persistent depressive disorder
milder depressed mood for a longer period of time
bipolar disorder
a person alternates between hopelessness and lethargy of depression and the overexcited state of mania
mania
a euphoric, overly talkative, wildly energetic, optimistic state
schizophrenia
disordered, distorted thinking demonstrated through delusions, hallucinations, disorganized language, and/or unusual motor behavior
delusions
beliefs that have no basis in reality
hallucinations
perceptions in the absence of any sensory stimulation
positive symptoms of schizophrenia
excesses in behavior, thought, or mood (neologisms and hallucinations)
negative symptoms of schizophrenia
deficits (flat affect or catatonia)
catatonia
motor problem
flat affect
no emotional response at all
neologisms
make up their own words
double binds
living a life of contradictory information
diathesis - stress model
stressors in our environment provide circumstances for a predisposition to an illness can express itself
personality disorders
inflexible and enduring behavior patterns that impair social functioning
antisocial personality disorer
have little regard for other people’s feelings
borderline personality disorder
ongoing pattern of varying moods, self image, and behavior
dependent personality disorder
rely too much on others
paranoid personality disorder
feel persecuted
narcissistic personality disorder
seeing oneself as the center of the universe
histrionic personality disorder
overly dramatic behavior
obsessive-compulsive personality disorder
some obsessions & compulsions but not debilitating like OCD
anorexia nervosa
a person maintains a starvation diet despite being significantly underweight
bulimia nervosa
binge eating followed by inappropriate weight-loss promoting behavior
binge eating disorder
`binge-eating episodes, followed by distress
autism spectrum disorder
seek out social and emotional contact than others & less likely to seek support when distressed. hypersensitivity to sensory stimulation & can exhibit intense interest in objects not viewed as interesting to others
ADHD
difficulty paying attention and sitting still
Tourette’s
multiple motor and one or more vocal tics
Intellectual disability
impacts intellectual capabilities
learning disability
impacts ability to develop skills
neurocognitive disorder
describes decreased mental function due to a medical disease other than a psychiatric illness
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